Table 2. The comparison between Retinopathy of prematurity and non- Retinopathy of prematurity groups.
| No ROP* | ROP | p-value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | % | n | % | ||
| Birth-related information | |||||
| Age of mother (years) | 31(14–44) | 30(16–49) | 0.279 | ||
| Sex | 0.217 | ||||
| male | 197 | 84.5 | 36 | 15.5 | |
| female | 151 | 88.8 | 19 | 11.2 | |
| Mode of delivery | 0.020 | ||||
| Normal labor | 100 | 80.6 | 24 | 19.4 | |
| Cesarian section | 248 | 89.2 | 30 | 10.8 | |
| Pregnancy | 0.061 | ||||
| single | 289 | 85.0 | 51 | 15.0 | |
| twin | 60 | 93.8 | 4 | 6.3 | |
| Gestational age (weeks) | <0.001 | ||||
| <30 | 64 | 55.7 | 51 | 44.3 | |
| ≥30 | 285 | 98.6 | 4 | 1.4 | |
| Birth weight (grams) | <0.001 | ||||
| <1000 | 29 | 42.0 | 40 | 58.0 | |
| 1000 – 1500 | 117 | 89.3 | 14 | 10.7 | |
| >1500 | 203 | 99.5 | 1 | 0.5 | |
| 1-minute APGAR | <0.001 | ||||
| 1–3 | 42 | 61.8 | 26 | 38.2 | |
| 4–6 | 93 | 86.1 | 15 | 13.9 | |
| 7–10 | 210 | 94.6 | 12 | 5.4 | |
| 5-minute APGAR | <0.001 | ||||
| 1–3 | 8 | 47.1 | 9 | 52.9 | |
| 4–6 | 35 | 70.0 | 15 | 30.0 | |
| 7–10 | 303 | 90.7 | 31 | 9.3 | |
| 10-minute APGAR | 0.144 | ||||
| 1–3 | 2 | 50.0 | 2 | 50.0 | |
| 4–6 | 14 | 60.9 | 9 | 39.1 | |
| 7–10 | 67 | 77.9 | 19 | 22.1 | |
| Duration hospitalization (days) | 30 (2–234) | 102 (3–270) | <0.001 | ||
| Sepsis | 184 | 81.1 | 43 | 18.9 | 0.001 |
| Transient tachypnea of the newborn | 173 | 95.1 | 9 | 4.9 | <0.001 |
| Respiratory distress syndrome | 116 | 75.3 | 38 | 24.7 | <0.001 |
| Patent ductus arteriosus | 48 | 64.9 | 26 | 35.1 | <0.001 |
| Intraventricular hemorrhage | 21 | 53.8 | 18 | 46.2 | <0.001 |
| Necrotizing enterocolitis | 27 | 56.3 | 21 | 43.8 | <0.001 |
| Hypothermia | 4 | 80.0 | 1 | 20.0 | NA |
| Hypoglycemia | 51 | 82.3 | 11 | 17.7 | 0.303 |
| Seizure | 11 | 57.9 | 8 | 42.1 | <0.001 |
| Hyperbilirubin | 280 | 89.5 | 33 | 10.5 | 0.001 |
| Polycythemia | 7 | 100.0 | 0 | 0.0 | NA |
| Anemia | 115 | 77.2 | 34 | 22.8 | <0.001 |
| Bronchopulmonary dysplasia | 6 | 60.0 | 4 | 40.0 | 0.014 |
| Blood transfusion | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | NA |
| Phototherapy | 228 | 90.5 | 24 | 9.5 | 0.002 |
| Parenteral nutrition | 1 | 100.0 | 0 | 0.0 | NA |
| Surfactant given | 14 | 60.9 | 9 | 39.1 | <0.001 |
| Eye-related information | |||||
| Abnormal anterior segment | 1 | 100.0 | 0 | 0.0 | NA |
| Cataract | 3 | 100.0 | 0 | 0.0 | NA |
| Abnormal fundus | 1 | 1.9 | 51 | 98.1 | <0.001 |
| ROP zone | <0.001 | ||||
| Zone I | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | |
| Zone I–II | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | |
| Zone II | 1 | 1.8 | 54 | 98.2 | |
| Zone II–III | 20 | 100.0 | 0 | 0.0 | |
| Zone III | 328 | 99.7 | 1 | 0.3 | |
| Treatment | <0.001 | ||||
| Observe | 349 | 99.7 | 1 | 0.3 | |
| Laser indirect ophthalmoscope | 0 | 0.0 | 51 | 100.0 | |
| Intravitreal anti-VEGF | 0 | 0.0 | 3 | 100.0 | |
Data are presented as median (interquartile range) or n (%) of patients.
Abbreviations: ROP, retinopathy of prematurity; APGAR, Appearance-Pulse-Grimace-Activity-Respiration; NA, not applicable; VEGF, vascular endothelium growth factors