Table 2.
Demographic, and obstetric characteristics of parturients who experienced inadvertent dural puncture or PDPH, versus those who did not.
| Characteristics | Inadvertent dural puncture or PDPH (n = 94) | No inadvertent dural puncture or PDPH (n = 26,301) | Unadjusted OR (95%CI) | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 30.7 ± 4.5 | 30.9 ± 4.8 | 0.99 (0.95–1.03) | 0.6618 |
| Race | 0.056a | |||
| Chinese | 40 (42.6%) | 12,078 ± 45.9 | Reference | – |
| Malay | 25 (26.6%) | 6,026 ± 22.9 | 1.25 (0.76–2.07) | 0.378 |
| Indian | 17 (18.1%) | 2,864 ± 10.9 | 1.79 (1.02–3.17) | 0.044 |
| Others | 12 (12.7%) | 5,333 ± 20.3 | 0.68 (0.36–1.30) | 0.241 |
| Weight (kg) | 71.8 ± 15.3 | 69.2 ± 13.7 | 1.01 (1.00–1.03) | 0.067 |
| Height (cm) | 160.0 ± 10.0 | 160.0 ± 10.0 | 0.60 (0.01–25.23) | 0.789 |
| BMI (kg.m−2) | 28.5 ± 5.7 | 27.4 ± 5.1 | 1.04 (1.00–1.07) | 0.043 |
| ASA physical statusb | 0.173a | |||
| I | 63 (67.0%) | 17,006 (64.7%) | Reference | – |
| II | 27 (28.7%) | 8,813 (33.5%) | 0.83 (0.53–1.30) | 0.410 |
| III | 4 (4.3%) | 482 (1.8%) | 2.24 (0.81–6.18) | 0.119 |
| Parity | ||||
| Nulliparous | 58 (61.7%) | 15,787 (60.0%) | 1.07 (0.71–1.63) | 0.740 |
| Multiparous | 36 (38.3%) | 10,520 (40.0%) | 0.93 (0.61–1.14) | 0.737 |
| Direct morbidity (e.g. PIH) | 2 (2.1%) | 216 (0.8%) | 2.63 (0.64–10.72) | 0.179 |
| Indirect morbidity (e.g. CVS problems) | 1 (1.1%) | 40 (0.6%) | 7.06 (0.96–51.90) | 0.055 |
| Labour onset | ||||
| Spontaneous | 43 (45.7%) | 14,204 (54%) | 0.72 (0.48–1.08) | 0.110 |
| Prostin usec | 34 (36.2%) | 7,605 (28.9%) | 1.39 (0.91–2.12) | 0.123 |
| Artificial rupture of membranes | 18 (19.1%) | 4,995 (19%) | 1.00 (0.60–7.70) | 0.971 |
| Number of Prostin tablets used | 0.4 ± 0.9 | 0.3 ± 0.6 | 1.32 (1.03–1.69) | 0.029 |
| Cervical dilation at time of procedure (cm) | 3.6 ± 1.1 | 3.5 ± 1.0 | 1.15 (0.94–1.39) | 0.173 |
Values are mean ± SD or number (proportion).
ASA, American Society of Anesthesiologists. BMI, body mass index. CI, confidence interval. CVS, cardiovascular system. PDPH, post-dural puncture headache. OR, odds ratio. PIH, pregnancy-induced hypertension. SD, standard deviation.
Type 3 p-value.
Our institution defines ASA physical status score as I: healthy parturient; II: parturient with mild systemic disease; III: parturient with severe systemic disease; IV: parturient with severe systemic disease that is a constant threat to life. There was no ASA physical status IV parturients included in our dataset.
Prostaglandin E2 suppository.