Figure 21.

A) a) Schematic illustration for astrocyte-laden microfibers. b) SEM image of astrocyte-laden microfibers after drying and dehydrating. c) CLSM images of astrocytes encapsulated in the fibers. d) Viabilities of astrocytes encapsulated in the fibers on 2 and 9 days after fabrication. e) CLSM images of astrocytes stained for GFAP and nucleus on 9 days after fabrication. B) a, b) Maximum-intensity-projected CLSM z-stack images of hippocampal neurons on astrocyte-laden microfibers. c) Number of presynapses of a single hippocampal neuron. Adapted with permission from ³⁸¹, copyright 2022, Wiley-VCH. C) Schematic illustration for biomimetic construction of HA/Col hydrogel incorporated with viscoelasticity and nano-alignment, as well as the exploration for co-effects of extracellular viscoelasticity and nano-orientation on neuronal cell/tissue behaviors. D) Viability and morphology of PC12 cells. Adapted with permission from ²⁸, copyright 2021, Elsevier.