Table 3.

Diagnostic applications of EV mRNA cargoes. Disease biomarker changes reported with respect to controls.

Indication		EV Source	EV Isolation Method	EV Size	Biomarker	Source
Cancer	Colorectal Cancer	Culture media of Colorectal cancer cell lines (SW620, Wi-Dr, LS174T, HCT116) Normal colon fibroblast (CCD-18Co)	Ultracentrifugation	-	↑ VEGF ↑ CD133	43
		Human Plasma	Immuno-magnetic bead pull-down (CD9, CD63, and CD81)
	Prostate Cancer	Human Plasma	Precipitation Ultracentrifugation Iodixanol velocity gradient Immunocapture	~100 nm	↑ AR-V7 ↑ EV size (~200 nm)	45
	Non-small Cell Lung Cancer	Human Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid	Ultracentrifugation	~50-200 nm	↑ EGFR ↑ KRAS ↑ ALK ↑ MET ↑ LKB1 ↑ PIK3CA ↑ ROS1	46
Infectious Diseases	Enzootic Bovine Leukosis	Bovine Milk	Successive filtration (1.0, 0.45, and 0.2 μm-pore-size) Ultracentrifugation	~100 nm	↑ TMEM1156 ↑ SRGN ↑ CXCL8 ↑ DEFB4A ↑ FABP5 ↑ LAPM5 ↑ LGALS1 ↑ VIM	153.
Neurological Diseases	Alzheimer's Disease	Human Plasma	-	-	↑ MT-CO3 ↑ MT-ND1 ↑ MT-ND4 ↑ MT-ND2 ↑ MT-ATP6 ↑ MT-ND4 ↑ MT-CYTB ↑ MT-ND ↑ MT-NTP ↑ MT-ND5 ↑ MT-C01 ↑ MT-ND6	63
		Culture media of microglia (HMC3) astrocytoma (1321N1) neuroblastoma (BE(2)-M17) primary embryonic cortical neurons	Ultracentrifugation	~100-300 nm (astrocytes only)
	Autism Spectrum Disorder	Human Plasma	Precipitation	50-150 nm	↑ SYT1 loci ↑ SYT9 loci ↑ SYP loci ↓ SV2C	71
	Autism Spectrum Disorder	Human Serum	Precipitation L1CAM immuno- pulldown	~40-150 nm	↑ EV concentration ↑ EDNRA ↓ HTR3A	77
	Postpartum Depression	Human Plasma	Membrane affinity spin columns	-	(In third trimester) ↑ CD72 ↑ KYNU	80
					↑ Total mRNA concentration in third trimester, followed by ↓ after birth
Obstetric Indications	Antenatal Hydronephrosis	Human Amniotic Fluid	Size exclusion chromatography Ultracentrifugation	~75-200 nm	↑ Moesin	88