Comparison 1. MBR versus usual care.

Outcome or subgroup title	No. of studies	No. of participants	Statistical method	Effect size
1 Back pain short term	9	879	Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	‐0.55 [‐0.83, ‐0.28]
2 Back pain medium term	6	740	Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	‐0.60 [‐0.85, ‐0.34]
3 Back pain long term	7	821	Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	‐0.21 [‐0.37, ‐0.04]
4 Disability short term	9	939	Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	‐0.41 [‐0.62, ‐0.19]
5 Disability medium term	6	786	Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	‐0.43 [‐0.66, ‐0.19]
6 Disability long term	6	722	Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	‐0.23 [‐0.40, ‐0.06]
7 Work short term	2	373	Odds Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	1.07 [0.60, 1.90]
8 Work medium term	3	457	Odds Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	1.60 [0.52, 4.91]
9 Work long term	7	1360	Odds Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	1.04 [0.73, 1.47]
10 QoL SF36 PCS short term	2	144	Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	13.45 [‐9.07, 35.96]
11 QoL SF36 MCS short term	2	144	Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	15.25 [2.05, 28.44]
12 QoL SF36 PCS medium term	2	144	Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	7.41 [‐4.99, 19.81]
13 QoL SF36 MCS medium term	2	144	Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	7.59 [1.69, 13.49]
14 Catastrophising short term	2	99	Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	‐0.43 [‐0.83, ‐0.03]
15 Catastrophising long term	2	127	Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	‐0.40 [‐0.76, ‐0.05]
16 Fear avoidance short term	2	253	Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	‐0.69 [‐1.52, 0.14]
17 Fear avoidance long term	3	371	Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	‐0.29 [‐0.49, ‐0.08]