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. 2024 Mar 17;29:178. doi: 10.1186/s40001-024-01750-6

Table 3.

Linear regression analysis of factors associated with CD4+ T cell count among HIV-positive and-negative participants

Variables No. (%) of study participants
HIV positive HIV negative
aUnadjusted
β (95% CI), p-value
bAdjusted β (95% CI), p value aUnadjusted
β (95% CI), p-value
bAdjusted
β (95% CI), p-value
Gender, female n (%) 1.85(-55.24 to 58.94), p = 0.949 60.23(16.94 to 103.53), p < 0.007 53.79(14.41 to 93.17), p = 0.008
Age (in years) − 3.88(− 6.48 to − 1.27), p = 0.004 − 1.60(− 4.56 to 1.35), p = 283 − 2.78(− 4.91 to − 0.64), p = 0.011 − 2.11(− 4.06 to − 0.15), p = 0.035
Residence
Rural 1 1
Urban 25.08(− 44.18 to 94.34), p = 0.476 23.52(− 37.97 to 85.01), p = 449
Marital status
Single 1 1
Married − 5.32(− 68.32 to 57.68), p = 0.868 13.46(− 34.82 to 61.75), p = 0.581
Divorced/widowed 41.86(− 44.8 to 128.52), p = 0.342 39.89(− 31.89 to 111.67), p = 0.272
Education level
Illiterate 1 1 1
Elementary school 14.75(− 48.19 to 77.68), p = 0.644 11.37(− 63.12 to 85.87), p = 0.762 39.77(− 12.16 to 91.70), p = 0.132
Secondary school and above 105.61(15.76 to 195.46), p = 0.020 84.0(− 14.56 to 182.56), p = 0.094 43.97(− 28.27 to 116.21), p = 230
Monthly income level
Low 1 1 1
Middle − 23.02(− 84.97 to 38.92), p = 0.464 28.60(− 50.71 to 107.91), p = 0.475 − 6.72(− 58.86 to 45.42), p = 0.798
High 113.28(38.62 to 187.93), p = 0.003 66.34(− 17.49 to 150.18), p = 119 − 29.18(− 87.81 to 29.45), p = 0.325
BMI (kg/m2) 43.72(36.05 to 51.38), p < 0.001 18.77(6.21 to 31.33), p = 0.004 11.32(1.89 to 20.75), p = 0.019 8.50(− 0.17 to 17.17), p = 0.054
H. pylori infection
Negative 1 1 1 1
Positive 86.77(31.19 to 142.36), p = 0.002 69.54(11.70 to 127.37), p = 0.019 75.89(33.79 to 117.99), p < 0.001 64.77(25.37 to 104.16), p = 0.002
Alcohol intake
No 1 1
Yes 5.25(− 59.25 to 69.76), p = 0.873 13.06(− 35.31 to 61.42), p = 0.593
Smoking habit
No 1 1
Yes 15.8(− 57.28 to 88.88), p = 0.670 − 38.28(− 97.73 to 21.17), p = 0.204
Khat chewing habit
No 1 1 1
Yes − 132.79(− 222.59 to − 43.0), p = 0.004 − 36.00(− 128.17 to 56.16), p = 0.439 − 0.99(− 90.52 to 88.54), p = 0.983
WHO clinical stage of HIV
Stage I 1 1 N/A
Stage II − 243.03(− 311.57 to − 174.5), p < 0.001 − 204.81(− 273.7 to − 135.92), p < 0.001 N/A
Stage III − 360.01(− 439.5 to − 280.51), p < 0.001 − 224.96(− 332.33 to − 117.60), p < 0.001 N/A
Stage IV − 453.77(− 566.97 to − 340.57), p < 0.001 − 213.01(− 379.38 to − 46.64), p = 0.013 N/A
HIV-1 viral load (copies/mL)
 < 10,000 1 1 N/A
10,000–100,000 − 247.39(− 295.9 to − 198.88), p < 0.001 − 140.06(− 241.55 to − 38.56), p = 0.007 N/A
 > 10,0000 − 311.78(− 355.29 to − 268.27), p < 0.001 − 211.13(− 451 to 29.22), p = 0.084 N/A
ART status
ART-Naïve 1 N/A
On ART 161.07(109.33 to 212.81), p < 0.001 N/A
Duration of ART 1.34(0.24 to 2.44), p = 0.018 0.93(0.04 to 1.82), p = 0.04
Duration of ART
 < 3 years 1 N/A
≥ 3 years 151.94 (67.06 to 236.82), p < 0.001 82.06 (− 5.78 to 169.89), p = 0.067 N/A

H. pylori Helicobacter pylori, HIV human immunodeficiency virus, ART antiretroviral therapy, β regression coefficient, CI confidence interval, 1 = reference category

aLinear regression analysis

bMultiple regression adjusted for factors with p value ≤ 0.05 by linear regression analysis