Table 1. Summary results of the MR analysis for RHR on dementia.
| Methods | RHR- IGAP | RHR–MA-U | RHR–FA-U | RHR-FH-AD | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Number of SNPs | β (SE) | P | Number of SNPs | β (SE) | P | Number of SNPs | β (SE) | P | Number of SNPs | β (SE) | P | |
| GSMR | 35 | 0.12 (0.12) | 0.30 | 38 | −0.18 (0.12) | 0.13 | 37 | −0.14 (0.17) | 0.39 | 36 | −0.03 (0.08) | 0.72 |
| IVW (Fixed effects) | 35 | 0.12 (0.11) | 0.30 | 38 | −0.18 (0.12) | 0.13 | 37 | −0.14 (0.17) | 0.39 | 36 | −0.03 (0.07) | 0.71 |
| IVW (Random effects) | 35 | 0.12 (0.09) | 0.18 | 38 | −0.18 (0.10) | 0.08 | 37 | −0.14 (0.14) | 0.33 | 36 | −0.03 (0.06) | 0.66 |
| MR-Egger | 35 | 0.19 (0.16) | 0.25 | 38 | −0.45 (0.33) | 0.18 | 37 | −0.28 (0.24) | 0.25 | 36 | −0.16 (0.21) | 0.42 |
Notes:
The same SNPs were used in each outcome dataset to compare the results between the GSMR analysis and the other MR analysis. In all analyses, there was no horizontal pleiotropy (All MR-Egger Ps > 0.05). The IVW method was additionally used to determine the causal effect. No heterogeneity was observed as Cochran’s Q statistics P value > 0.10 in all analyses.
MR, Mendelian randomization; AD, Alzheimer’s disease; RHR, resting heart rate; GSMR, generalized summary Mendelian randomization; IGAP, International Genomics of Alzheimer’s Project; IVW, inverse variance weighted; FH-AD, a GWAS dataset from a combined meta-analysis; MA, maternal family history; FA, paternal family history; SNP, single nucleotide polymorphism.