TABLE 2.
Estimates of within centre, absolute percentage point change in eczema outcomes per decade
| Model | Strata | Number of centres in strata | Outcome | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Current eczema symptoms | Severe current eczema symptoms | Lifetime eczema | |||||||
| Estimate of within centre, absolute percentage point change in eczema outcomes per decade (95% CI) | Interaction test & AIC | Estimate of within centre, absolute percentage point change in eczema outcomes per decade (95% CI) | Interaction test & AIC | Estimate of within centre, absolute percentage point change in eczema outcomes per decade (95% CI) | Interaction test & AIC | ||||
| Stratified by age group | Age 13–14 | 253 | 0.98 (0.04, 1.92) |
Age: p = .53 AIC = 2144 |
0.26 (0.06, 0.46) |
Age: p = .70 AIC = 768 |
2.71 (1.10, 4.32) |
Age: p = .15 AIC = 2743 |
|
| Age 6–7 | 157 | 1.21 (0.18, 2.24) | 0.23 (0.02, 0.45) | 3.91 (2.07, 5.75) | |||||
| Random effects | Slope SD: 2.40 (1.68, 3.43) | Slope SD: 0.58 (0.40, 0.83) | Slope SD: 2.87 (1.68, 4.93) | ||||||
| Stratified by age group and income group (test for addition of income) | Age 13–14 | Low income | 47 | −1.48 (−3.56, 0.60) |
Income (3‐way): p < .0001 AIC = 2118 |
−0.02 (−0.49, 0.45) |
Income (3‐way): p = .10 AIC = 771 |
0.03 (−3.36, 3.41) |
Income (3‐way): p < .0001 AIC = 2677 |
| Low‐middle income | 40 | 2.32 (0.40, 4.25) | 0.71 (0.29, 1.14) | 1.44 (−1.95, 4.82) | |||||
| Upper‐middle income | 62 | 1.66 (−0.06, 3.37) | 0.23 (−0.15, 0.61) | 3.93 (0.96, 6.89) | |||||
| High income | 104 | 0.45 (−0.99, 1.88) | 0.12 (−0.20, 0.44) | 2.29 (−0.14, 4.72) | |||||
| Age 6–7 | Low income | 29 | −1.06 (−3.30, 1.18) | −0.03 (−0.52, 0.47) | 0.02 (−3.74, 3.78) | ||||
| Low‐middle income | 15 | 0.35 (−2.11, 2.80) | 0.38 (−0.14, 0.91) | 3.35 (−1.20, 7.91) | |||||
| Upper‐middle income | 43 | 1.63 (−0.22, 3.47) | 0.10 (−0.30, 0.51) | 5.50 (2.22, 8.78) | |||||
| High income | 70 | 2.41 (0.87, 3.95) | 0.32 (−0.02, 0.66) | 7.46 (4.77, 10.14) | |||||
| Random effects | Slope SD: 2.18 (1.45, 3.26) | Slope SD: 0.54 (0.36, 0.80) | Slope SD: 2.83 (1.58, 5.06) | ||||||
| Stratified by age group and grouped region (test for addition of region) | Age 13–14 | Africa and Eastern Mediterranean | 34 | 2.83 (0.67, 5.00) |
Region (3‐way): p = .0001 AIC = 2129 |
0.82 (0.38, 1.27) |
Region (3‐way): p < .0001 AIC = 741 |
2.93 (−0.66, 6.53) |
Region (3‐way): p < .0001 AIC = 2711 |
| Americas | 50 | 0.37 (−1.56, 2.31) | 0.14 (−0.26, 0.55) | 2.61 (−0.42, 5.63) | |||||
| Europe | 100 | 0.01 (−1.61, 1.63) | 0.01 (−0.33, 0.34) | 2.12 (−0.58, 4.82) | |||||
| South‐East Asia and Western Pacific | 69 | 1.29 (−0.64, 3.22) | 0.31 (−0.10, 0.72) | 1.72 (−1.14, 4.57) | |||||
| Age 6–7 | Africa and Eastern Mediterranean | 10 | 1.59 (−1.50, 4.67) | 0.75 (0.14, 1.35) | 4.57 (−1.37, 10.51) | ||||
| Americas | 29 | −0.01 (−2.10, 2.08) | −0.01 (−0.44, 0.42) | 3.59 (0.14, 7.04) | |||||
| Europe | 64 | 1.21 (−0.59, 3.00) | −0.01 (−0.37, 0.36) | 8.45 (5.26, 11.65) | |||||
| South‐East Asia and Western Pacific | 54 | 1.77 (−0.20, 3.73) | 0.36 (−0.05, 0.78) | 1.58 (−1.36, 4.52) | |||||
| Random effects | Slope SD: 2.51 (1.82, 3.47) | Slope SD: 0.57 (0.41, 0.80) | Slope SD: 2.68 (1.26, 5.68) | ||||||
Note: Changes come from mixed effect linear regression models of eczema outcomes on three‐way interactions between time, age group, and either world income group or geographic region, with random country and centre slopes and intercepts.
Abbreviations: AIC, Akaike Information Criterion; CI, confidence interval; SD, standard deviation.