TABLE 1.
Clinical characteristics and medication at presentation of participants with high likelihood of clinically significant anti‐insulin antibodies on initial screen.
| Case | Age, year | Sex | Diabetes type | BMI, Kg/m2 | Other history | Current insulin therapy | Other medications | Presenting Features |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 58 | M | T1DM | 30.6 | Ischaemic heart disease, hypertension, eczema | Porcine (CSII) | Simvastatin, aspirin, candesartan, sitagliptin, GTN | Insulin resistance |
| 2 | 52 | F | T1DM | 25.2 | Hypertension, depression | 25/75 Soluble/protamine insulin lispro | Lisinopril, mirtazapine | Recurrent unpredictable hypoglycaemia |
| 3 | 56 | F | T2DM | 22.4 | Allogenic BMT for ALL, diabetic nephropathy, left ventricular failure |
Glargine U‐200 Lispro U‐200 |
Candesartan, carvedilol, Fe fumarate, simvastatin, furosemide | Severe insulin resistance (subcutaneous up to 4 units/kg; Intravenous up to 6 units/h). |
| 4 | 8 | F | T1DM | 20.4 | ‐ | Aspart (CSII) | ‐ | Severe nocturnal hypoglycaemia off insulin |
| 5 | 74 | M | T1DM | 25.2 | Hypothyroidism, pulmonary fibrosis, carotid and coronary artery bypass, ocular thrombosis | Aspart (CSII) | Aspirin, levothyroxine, ramipril, pravastatin, omeprazole, ambulatory oxygen | Recurrent severe nocturnal hypoglycaemia, hypoglycaemia despite suspending insulin therapy |
| 6 | 64 | F | T2DM | 24.9 | Renal impairment, previous treatment with prednisolone and MMF |
Porcine isophane Porcine neutral |
Amlodipine, gliclazide, paroxetine, procyclidine, ramipril, risperidone | Morning hypoglycaemia; daytime hyperglycaemia |
| 7 | 37 | M | T1DM | 26.1 | Ulcerative colitis, Graves' disease, AF, sagittal sinus thrombosis, cerebral haemorrhage, epilepsy |
Glargine Glulisine |
Carbimazole, adalimumab, aspirin, atorvastatin, escitalopram, metoprolol, lansoprazole, rivaroxaban, Na valproate | Exogenous insulin resistance, recurrent DKA |
| 8 | 22 | F | T1DM | 19.5 | ‐ |
Detemir Aspart |
‐ | Insulin resistance |
Abbreviations: ALL, acute lymphoblastic leukaemia; BMI, body mass index; BMT, bone marrow transplantation; CSII, continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion; DKA, diabetic ketoacidosis; GTN, glyceryl trinitrate; MMF, mycophenolate mofetil; T1/2DM, Type 1/2 diabetes mellitus.