FIGURE 1.

Weighted modifiers of the effects of disease‐modifying therapy (DMT) on disability improvement, disability worsening, and relapses. Results were estimated from stratified marginal structural Cox models using data from the relapsing multiple sclerosis (MS) cohort (clinically isolated syndrome and relapsing–remitting). Weights for the marginal structural model were calculated from a logistic model with treatment status as a dependent variable; independent variables included fixed covariates and the baseline stabilizing variables (sex, MS duration at first visit, date of birth) and time‐dependent covariates (age, pregnancy status, treatment history, history of relapses, MS duration, Expanded Disability Status Scale [EDSS], MS course). The “Overall” row in the figure displays the overall effects of treatment. Points and error bars represent hazard ratios (HRs) for associations of DMT with the studied outcomes in different patient groups. The boxes show HRs and p‐values for the interactions between DMT and demographic and clinical characteristics indicated along the y‐axis. CI, confidence interval; MRI, magnetic resonance imaging