TABLE 1.
Longitudinal cumulative frequency of symptoms in controls, MCI‐AD, and MCI‐LB.
| Characteristic | Control | MCI‐AD | MCI‐LB | p (MCI‐AD vs. MCI‐LB) | p adj |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | 34 | 51 | 70 | n/a | |
| Age (SD) | 74.2 (7.5) | 76.4 (7.4) | 75.2 (6.8) | 0.38 | |
| Sex, % male | 71% | 37% | 77% | <0.001 | |
| ACE total (SD) | 92.7 (4.3) | 81.4 (9.7) | 80.6 (9.3) | 0.65 | |
| Duration of follow‐up, years (SD) | 1.2 (0.7) | 1.5 (1.5) | 2.0 (1.4) | 0.02 | |
| Cognitive symptoms | |||||
| Memory | 24% | 100% | 99% | 1 | 1 |
| Problem‐solving | 3% | 31% | 67% | 0.002 | 0.02 |
| Planning | 0% | 33% | 69% | 0.002 | 0.02 |
| Fluctuations | 12% | 25% | 69% | 0.001 | 0.02 |
| Disorganized speech | 3% | 16% | 46% | 0.01 | 0.08 |
| Confusion | 3% | 12% | 44% | <0.001 | 0.01 |
| Symptoms associated with Parkinson disease | |||||
| Rigidity | 12% | 18% | 43% | 0.23 | 1 |
| Shuffling | 6% | 16% | 69% | <0.001 | 0.002 |
| Tremor | 15% | 35% | 67% | 0.002 | 0.02 |
| Slowness | 9% | 55% | 77% | 0.14 | 0.73 |
| Change in writing | 18% | 45% | 83% | 0.001 | 0.01 |
| Slack facial expression | 0% | 10% | 34% | 0.12 | 0.62 |
| Drooling | 12% | 16% | 51% | 0.003 | 0.03 |
| Loss of smell | 21% | 31% | 60% | 0.02 | 0.14 |
| Balance | 24% | 43% | 73% | 0.007 | 0.06 |
| Frequent falls | 6% | 20% | 36% | 0.07 | 0.41 |
| Posture | 24% | 49% | 86% | 0.001 | 0.02 |
| Weak voice | 6% | 25% | 53% | 0.07 | 0.41 |
| Neuropsychiatric symptoms | |||||
| Seeing things | 0% | 18% | 57% | <0.001 | 0.01 |
| Hearing things | 0% | 4% | 27% | 0.002 | 0.02 |
| Depression | 3% | 27% | 47% | 0.13 | 0.66 |
| Apathy | 3% | 37% | 70% | 0.01 | 0.11 |
| Delusions | 0% | 2% | 13% | 0.02 | 0.16 |
| Hallucinations other senses | 6% | 12% | 27% | 0.01 | 0.08 |
| Anxiety | 6% | 41% | 54% | 0.70 | 1 |
| Sleep symptoms | |||||
| Vivid dreams | 3% | 20% | 57% | 0.003 | 0.03 |
| Nightmares | 0% | 6% | 50% | <0.001 | 0.01 |
| Involuntary movements in sleep | 3% | 10% | 66% | <0.001 | 0.01 |
| Acting out dreams | 0% | 6% | 57% | <0.001 | 0.01 |
| Crying out | 6% | 20% | 64% | 0.002 | 0.02 |
| Excessive sleepiness | 6% | 29% | 67% | 0.001 | 0.02 |
| Blackouts | 0% | 10% | 7% | 0.77 | 1 |
| Insomnia | 9% | 22% | 33% | 0.03 | 0.20 |
| Restless legs | 12% | 20% | 26% | 0.54 | 1 |
| Autonomic symptoms | |||||
| Dizziness | 29% | 29% | 61% | 0.006 | 0.06 |
| Sensitivity to heat/cold | 44% | 47% | 84% | <0.001 | 0.01 |
| Sexual dysfunction | 24% | 34% | 72% | 0.24 | 1 |
| Urinary incontinence | 12% | 33% | 53% | 0.05 | 0.32 |
| Constipation | 18% | 33% | 54% | 0.03 | 0.22 |
| Visual symptoms | |||||
| Dry/painful eyes | 32% | 31% | 50% | 0.08 | 0.46 |
| Double vision | 6% | 12% | 30% | 0.05 | 0.32 |
| Difficulty reading | 3% | 12% | 36% | 0.01 | 0.06 |
| Misjudging objects | 9% | 10% | 53% | <0.001 | 0.01 |
Note: Logistic regression with sex and years of follow‐up as covariates. Bold indicates statistical significance. Sexual dysfunction, n = 124; for all other variables n = 155.
Abbreviations: ACE, Addenbrooke Cognitive Examination; MCI, mild cognitive impairment; MCI‐AD, MCI due to Alzheimer disease; MCI‐LB, mild cognitive impairment with Lewy bodies; n/a, not applicable; p adj: adjusted p‐value following false discovery rate correction.