Table 2.
Intravesical botulinum toxin injections protocols.
| Article | BoNT-A type and dilution | BoNT-A dose first injection |
BoNT-A dose reinjections | Procedure |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hoebeke et al.[12] (2006) | Botox® 100 U/15 mL SPS |
100 U | 100 U, if partial response or relapse (26.7%) | 15 pts; detrusor; exclude trigone and ventral wall |
| Lahdes-Vasama et al.[13] (2011) | Botox® NS |
50–100 U | 70–200 U (>6–24 mo, 46.2%) | Antibiotic prophylaxis; stop anticholinergics 20–30 pts; detrusor; exclude trigone |
| Blackburn et al.[10] (2013) | Dysport® NS |
400–500 U | - | 14 pts; exclude trigone |
| Léon et al.[5] (2014) | Dysport® 500 U/25 mL SPS |
8 U/kg | - | Antibiotic prophylaxis; stop anticholinergics 25 pts; detrusor; exclude trigone |
| Bayrak et al.[11] (2017) | Botox® 100 U/10 mL SPS |
100 U | 100 U, if no improvement or relapse (9 mo, 30.3%) | Antibiotic prophylaxis 20 pts; detrusor; exclude trigone |
| Uçar et al.[6] (2018) | Botox® 100 U/10 mL SPS |
10 U/kg (max, 200 U) | 10 U/kg (max, 200 U; if no complete response >6 mo) | Antibiotic prophylaxis; stop anticholinergics 20 pts; detrusor or suburothelial (second injection suburothelial); exclude trigone and ureteric orifices |
| Al Edwan et al.[4] (2019) | Botox® 100 U/20 mL SPS |
100 U | - | Antibiotic prophylaxis; stop anticholinergics 30 pts; not exclude trigone |
| Peeraully et al.[7] (2019) | Dysport® 500 U/20 mL SPS |
375 U (<12 yr), 500 U (>12 yr) | 375 U (<12 yr), 500 U (>12 yr or only moderate response to initial dose) if no improvement or relapse (48%) | Antibiotic prophylaxis; stop anticholinergics 20 pts; exclude trigone; detrusor |
BoNT-A = botulinum toxin type A; Botox® = onabotulinum toxin A; Dysport® = abobotulinum toxin A; NS = not specified; pts = points; SPS = serum physiological solution.