Table 4.
Relative change in BMD in women with and without HIV according to menopause transition stage, compared to women who remained premenopausal, after adjusting for age, weight, change in weight, and follow‐up time
| ∆ Lumbar spine BMD (g/cm2) [95%CI] | ∆ Total hip BMD (g/cm2) [95%CI] | ∆ Total body BMD (g/cm2) [95%CI] | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HIV − (n = 385) | HIV + (n = 65) | HIV − (n = 381) | HIV + (n = 62) | HIV − (n = 292) | HIV + (n = 51) | |
| Follow‐up time (years) | −0.010 [−0.022, 0.003] | −0.004 [−0.016, 0.009] | −0.007 [−0.014, −0.0002]b | 0.003 [−0.009, 0.016] | 0.016 [0.010, 0.022]a | 0.014 [−0.004, 0.033] |
| Age at baseline (decade) | 0.010 [−0.009, 0.033] | 0.036 [0.010, 0.061]b | 0.003 [−0.001, 0.014] | 0.019 [−0.007, 0.046] | 0.002 [−0.007, 0.011] | 0.026 [−0.006, 0.058] |
| Menopause transition stage | ||||||
| 0:Pre‐Pre | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref |
| 1:Pre‐Peri | −0.032 [−0.093, 0.029] | −0.078 [−0.129, −0.028]b | −0.030 [−0.064, 0.004] | −0.027 [−0.078, 0.023] | −0.029 [−0.057, −0.001]b | −0.079 [−0.133, −0.025]b |
| 2:Pre‐Post | −0.053 [−0.101, −0.004]b | −0.100 [−0.144, −0.064]a | −0.052 [−0.078, −0.025]a | −0.051 [−0.091, −0.011]b | −0.038 [−0.060, −0.016]a | −0.092 [−0.142, −0.042]a,i |
| 3:Peri‐ Peri | 0.031 [−0.017, 0.080] | −0.022 [−0.055, 0.011] | −0.004 [−0.030, 0.023] | −0.008 [−0.041, 0.025] | 0.0001 [−0.023, 0.023] | −0.004 [−0.045, 0.037] |
| 4:Peri‐Post | −0.041 [−0.091, 0.009] | −0.120 [−0.167, −0.067]a | −0.038 [−0.065, −0.010]b | −0.021 [−0.069, 0.026] | −0.044 [−0.067, −0.023]a | −0.107 [−0.167, −0.047]a |
| 5:Post‐Post | −0.041 [−0.086, 0.005] | −0.085 [−0.118, −0.054]a | −0.025 [−0.051, −0.0002]b | −0.042 [−0.076, −0.009]b | −0.036 [−0.057, −0.015]a | −0.070 [−0.108, −0.031]a,i |
| Weight at baseline (10 kg) | 0.0008 [−0.0076, 0.0061] | 0.0055 [−0.0001, 0.0112] | 0.0023 [−0.0015, 0.0060] | 0.0003 [−0.0053, 0.0059] | 0.0007 [−0.0023, 0.0037] | 0.0027 [−0.0039, 0.0092] |
| ∆Weight (10 kg) | −0.0008 [−0.0166, 0.0151] | 0.0181 [0.0040, 0.0322] | 0.0019 [0.0102, 0.0276]a | 0.0222 [0.0081, 0.0362]b | 0.0001 [−0.0069, 0.0067] | −0.0009 [−0.0167, 0.001] |
Note: Multivariable linear regression generating beta coefficients [95% CI] indicating the absolute change in BMD (g/cm2). Model included age, baseline weight, ∆weight, follow‐up time, and six menopausal transition groups with comparison to pre‐pre menopause transition group (a p < 0.001, b p < 0.05, i p < 0.05 for interaction of menopause transition by HIV status).
Abbreviations: BMD, bone mineral density; HIV, human immunodeficiency virus.