TABLE 3.
Associations between LEAP2 and cardiometabolic outcomes after adjustment for covariates
| Dependent variable | Model 1 | Model 2 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Coefficient | R2 | P | Coefficient | R2 | P | |
| Anthropometric measures | ||||||
| Body mass index a (kg/m2) | 0.04 (−0.1, 0.1) | 0.07 | 0.5 | – | ||
| Waist‐hip ratio a | −0.1 (−0.3, 0.7) | 0.06 | 0.2 | – | ||
| Body fat (%) | 0.2 (0.001, 0.3) | 0.60 | 0.049 | – | ||
| Fat mass (kg) | 0.3 (−0.1, 0.6) | 0.16 | 0.1 | – | ||
| Fat free mass (kg) | −0.01 (−0.3, 0.3) | 0.49 | 0.9 | – | ||
| Glycaemic measures | ||||||
| Fasting blood glucose (mmol/L) | −0.001 (−0.02,0.01) | 0.08 | 0.9 | −0.001 (−0.02, 0.02) | 0.08 | 0.9 |
| 2‐hour blood glucose post‐OGTT (mmol/L) | 0.04 (−0.01, 0.09) | 0.07 | 0.1 | 0.04 (−0.02, 0.09) | 0.06 | 0.2 |
| Insulin sensitivity (M; mg/kg/min) | −0.1 (−0.2, −0.003) | 0.10 | 0.04 | −0.05 (−0.1,0.03) | 0.26 | 0.2 |
| Fasting insulin by IVGTT a (mlU/L) | 0.6 (0.3, 1.0) | 0.22 | <0.001 | 0.6 (0.3, 1.0) | 0.23 | 0.001 |
| Total insulin AUC by IVGTT a (mlU/L) | 0.5 (0.1, 0.9) | 0.10 | 0.03 | 0.5 (0.1, 1.0) | 0.11 | 0.03 |
| First‐phase insulin AUC by IVGTT a (mlU/L) | 0.8 (0.2, 1.4) | 0.10 | 0.02 | 0.8 (0.2, 1.4) | 0.11 | 0.01 |
| Second‐phase insulin AUC by IVGTT a (mlU/L) | 0.5 (0.07, 0.9) | 0.11 | 0.02 | 0.5 (0.04, 0.9) | 0.12 | 0.03 |
| Cardiovascular and inflammation markers | ||||||
| SBP (mmHg) | 0.2 (−0.1, 0.5) | 0.28 | 0.2 | 0.2 (−0.02, 0.5) | 0.30 | 0.4 |
| DBP (mmHg) | 0.3 (0.02, 0.5) | 0.14 | 0.04 | 0.2 (−0.2, 0.5) | 0.19 | 0.07 |
| Heart rate (bpm) | 0.1 (−0.2, 0.5) | 0.02 | 0.4 | 0.1 (−0.3, 0.5) | 0.05 | 0.7 |
| Pulse pressure (mmHg) | −0.06 (−0.3, 0.2) | 0.30 | 0.6 | −0.08 (−0.3, 0.2) | 0.28 | 0.6 |
| Mean arterial pressure (mmHg) | 0.3 (−0.003, 0.5) | 0.18 | 0.05 | 0.2 (−0.05, 0.5) | 0.24 | 0.1 |
| C‐reactive protein a (mg/L) | 0.3 (−0.4, 1.0) | 0.03 | 0.4 | 0.2 (−0.5, 1.0) | 0.08 | 0.6 |
| Interleukin‐1β (pg/ml) | −0.5 (−1.1, 0.2) | 0.18 | 0.2 | −0.4 (−1.1, 0.3) | 0.19 | 0.3 |
| Nuclear factor kappa‐B (pg/μg protein) | −1.0 (−1.6, −0.2) | 0.05 | 0.1 | −1.0 (−1.9, −0.04) | 0.12 | 0.04 |
a
indicates non‐normally distributed variables where data were log‐transformed prior to analysis. Model 1 is adjusted for age and sex; Model 2 is adjusted for age, sex and total body fat. Bold denotes statistical significance.