TABLE 2.
(A–B) Cox regression models including independent predictors of MACE
| Model 1 ‘Seldom feeling full of pep’ (n = 555) | Model 2 ‘Seldom having a lot of energy’ (n = 558) | Model 3 ‘Feeling worn out’ (n = 558) | Model 4 ‘Seldom feeling happy’ (n = 558) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hazard ratio (95% CI) | p‐value | Hazard ratio (95% CI) | p‐value | Hazard ratio (95% CI) | p‐value | Hazard ratio (95% CI) | p‐value | |
| A | ||||||||
| Item in Short Form 36 | 1.20 (1.03–1.40) | 0.02 | 1.31 (1.12–1.54) | 0.001 | 1.17 (1.01–1.37) | 0.04 | 1.23 (1.04–1.46) | 0.02 |
| Male sex | 2.06 (1.16–3.66) | 0.01 | 2.26 (1.27–4.03) | 0.005 | 1.97 (1.11–3.49) | 0.02 | 2.09 (1.18–3.72) | 0.01 |
| Duration of diabetes | 1.04 (1.01–1.06) | 0.01 | 1.03 (1.01–1.06) | 0.01 | 1.04 (1.01–1.06) | 0.005 | 1.04 (1.01–1.06) | 0.009 |
| HbA1c IFCC | 1.03 (1.02–1.05) | <0.001 | 1.04 (1.02–1.05) | <0.001 | 1.03 (1.02–1.05) | <0.001 | 1.04 (1.02–1.05) | <0.001 |
| PWV | 1.13 (1.02–1.25) | 0.02 | 1.13 (1.03–1.26) | 0.02 | 1.13 (1.02–1.25) | 0.02 | 1.14 (1.03–1.26) | 0.02 |
| SAD | 1.05 (0.98–1.12) | 0.14 | 1.05 (0.99–1.12) | 0.13 | 1.06 (0.99–1.13) | 0.08 | 1.06 (0.99–1.12) | 0.09 |
| Age | 0.99 (0.92–1.07) | 0.77 | 1.00 (0.93–1.08) | 1.00 | 1.00 (0.92–1.08) | 0.98 | 1.00 (0.92–1.08) | 0.91 |
| Current smoker | 1.13 (0.61–2.08) | 0.70 | 1.14 (0.62–2.10) | 0.67 | 1.09 (0.59–2.00) | 0.79 | 1.08 (0.58–2.00) | 0.81 |
| ApoB/ApoA1 | 1.42 (0.34–5.85) | 0.63 | 1.57 (0.38–6.49) | 0.53 | 1.37 (0.34–5.60) | 0.66 | 1.45 (0.35–5.90) | 0.61 |
| Mean SBP | 1.00 (0.98–1.02) | 0.90 | 1.00 (0.99–1.02) | 0.87 | 1.00 (0.98–1.02) | 0.98 | 1.00 (0.99–1.02) | 0.83 |
| B | ||||||||
| Item in Short Form 36 | 1.21 (1.05–1.38) | 0.01 | 1.28 (1.12–1.48) | <0.001 | 1.18 (1.03–1.36) | 0.02 | 1.23 (1.05–1.44) | 0.01 |
| Male sex | 2.01 (1.23–3.27) | 0.01 | 2.13 (1.31–3.47) | 0.002 | 2.23 (1.31–3.79) | 0.003 | 2.39 (1.40–4.07) | 0.001 |
| Duration of diabetes | 1.03 (1.01–1.05) | 0.02 | 1.03 (1.00–1.05) | 0.03 | 1.03 (1.01–1.06) | 0.01 | 1.03 (1.01–1.06) | 0.02 |
| HbA1c IFCC | 1.03 (1.02–1.05) | <0.001 | 1.03 (1.02–1.05) | <0.001 | 1.03 (1.02–1.05) | <0.001 | 1.03 (1.02–1.05) | <0.001 |
| PWV | 1.15 (1.06–1.24) | 0.001 | 1.16 (1.07–1.25) | <0.001 | 1.12 (1.03–1.23) | 0.01 | 1.14 (1.04–1.24) | 0.01 |
| SAD | — | — | — | — | 1.06 (1.00–1.13) | 0.04 | 1.06 (1.00–1.12) | 0.04 |
| Age | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Current smoker | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| ApoB/ApoA1 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Mean SBP | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
Note: Models for each item in SF36 that were associated with MACE in the multivariate Cox regression analyses adjusted for all included risk factors. All items from SF36 were analyzed as continuous variables. Model 1 comprised the item ‘Seldom feeling full of pep’, model 2 comprised the item ‘seldom having a lot of energy’, model 3 comprised the item ‘Feeling worn out’ and model 4 comprised the item ‘seldom feeling happy’. In table A, Hazard ratios, 95% CI and p‐values for each included variable are reported before further analyses were conducted. In table B, all variables not independently associated with MACE have been removed using manual backwards stepwise analysis until only the variables that remained independent predictors of MACE remained.
Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; PWV, pulse wave velocity; SAD, sagittal abdominal diameter; SF36, short form 36.