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. 2023 Jun 11;32(9):2113–2126. doi: 10.1002/hec.4719

FIGURE 1.

FIGURE 1

Bias plot for Average Treatment Effect (ATE) estimates across scenarios, with sample sizes of 5000 (left), 10,000 (middle) and 50,000 (right). 2SLS, Two‐Stage Least Squares; CI, Confidence Interval; LIV, Local Instrumental Variables.