Table 1.

Baseline characteristics

Variable	No CTO	CTO	P Value
N	2675	922
Age (IQR)	66.4 (58.9, 73.9)	65.4 (57.6, 72.7)	0.008
Male	1870 (70.0%)	705 (76.5%)	0.001
Black	483 (18.1%)	169 (18.3%)	0.85
Hypertension	2213 (83.3%)	763 (83.5%)	0.93
Dyslipidemia	2093 (78.8%)	735 (80.2%)	0.35
Diabetes	1043 (39.2%)	364 (39.8%)	0.76
Smoking history	1768 (66.1%)	616 (66.8%)	0.69
BMI (IQR)	28.7 (25.6, 32.9)	28.9 (25.6, 32.7)	0.85
Ejection Fraction (%) (SD)	53.3 (12.0)	49.5 (13.1)	<0.001
History of MI	696 (26.3%)	338 (37.1%)	<0.001
Chronic Kidney Disease	388 (14.5%)	139 (15.1%)	0.67
History of HF	885 (33.1%)	333 (36.1%)	0.093
Revascularization at enrolment	1436 (53.7%)	468 (50.8%)	0.13
Disease Severity *
1-Vessel Disease	959 (55.7%)	175 (32.9%)
2-Vessel Disease	505 (29.3%)	191 (35.9%)	<0.001
3-Vessel Disease	257 (14.9%)	166 (31.2%)
Medications
ACEi/ARB	1643 (61.4%)	570 (61.8%)	0.83
Beta Blocker	1968 (73.6%)	691 (74.9%)	0.41
Statin	2164 (80.9%)	779 (84.5%)	0.015
Outcomes
All-Cause Mortality	744 (27.8%)	286 (31.0%)	0.063
CV Death	398 (14.9%)	163 (17.7%)	0.23
MI	230 (8.6%)	99 (10.7%)	0.052
HF Hospitalization	182 (10.6%)	72 (13.5%)	0.059
MACE	651 (24.3%)	254 (27.5%)	0.052

Values are median or n (%). The no CTO group had significant CAD defined as having ≥ 50% stenosis in at least one coronary artery, without CTO. MACE was defined as CV death, MI or HF hospitalization.

^*Patients without a history of CABG.

ACEi/ARB = angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors/angiotensin-receptor blocker; BMI = body mass index; CAD = coronary artery disease; CTO = chronic total occlusion; CV = cardiovascular; eGFR = estimated glomerular filtration rate; HF = heart failure; IQR = interquartile range; MACE = major adverse cardiac events; MI = myocardial infarction; SD = standard deviation.