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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2024 Jul 1.
Published in final edited form as: Aust N Z J Psychiatry. 2022 Oct 14;57(7):994–1003. doi: 10.1177/00048674221126649

Table 3.

Fitted SARIMA models and excess suicides by Twitter content category, 2016–2018 (1096 days), United States.

Content category Raw association (only controlled for total tweets)
Adjusted for all other categories and total tweets
Estimate (SE) p Estimate (SE) p
Awareness −0.002 (0.06) 0.98 −0.025 (0.06) 0.67
Prevention −0.08 (0.05) 0.092 −0.11 (0.05) 0.038
Coping −0.14 (0.26) 0.60 −0.18 (.25) 0.47
Suicidal ideation / attempt without coping 0.052 (0.20) 0.80 −0.011 (0.20) 0.96
Suicide case −0.045 (0.05) 0.33 −0.078 (0.05) 0.11
Total tweets 4.9 × 10−5 (2.6 × 10−5) 0.059 6.4 × 10−5 (2.6 × 10−5) 0.015

SARIMAL Seasonal Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average; SE: standard error.

The time series (1 January 2016 to 31 December 2018) data were checked for additive and innovative outliers and level shifts. There were no outliers. A SARIMA(2,0,1)(1,0,1) model, stationary R² = 0.39, Box-Ljung-Q = 19.32, df = 13, p = 0.11, was fitted to the data. The final multivariate model was a SARIMA(2,0,1)(1,0,1) model, stationary R² = 0.40, Box-Ljung-Q = 15.72, df = 13, p = 0.27.

Suicide deaths were defined by International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (ICD-10) underlying cause of death codes X60–X84, Y87.0 and U03. The bold value indicates the significant p < .05.