Table 3.
Summary of clinical trials investigating the use of small molecules and biologics for halting glioma invasion.
| Drug/References | Clinical Phase/NCT# | Composition | Molecular Target | Clinical goals/Outcomes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cilengitide | Phase II/III (NCT00006093) (NCT00679354) (NCT00093964) | RGD peptide | Integrin avp5 | Evaluation of antitumor activity of Cliengitide in patients with recurrent GBM. Moderate antitumor activity in Phase II studies, however failure to enhance overall survival in randomized Phase III trials |
| Prinomastat | Phase II (NCT00004200) | Small molecule drug | MMP inhibitor | Evaluating the effectiveness of prinomastat plus TMZ treatments in GBM patients. |
| Sulfasalazine | Pilot study (NCT01577966) | Small molecule drug | Inhibition of system xc, preventing glutamate release | Pilot non randomized trial in GBM patients, evaluating the ability oforally dosed sulfasalazine to alter glutamate concentrations in glioma cells monitored via magnetic resonance spectroscopy. |
| Chlorotoxin(TM-601). | Phase I/II clinical trial (NCT00040573) | 36–aminoacid peptide | Cl – channel (ClC3) inhibitor | Open label single dose trial in 18 adult GBM patients, evaluating safety and tolerability of intracavitary application of chlorotoxin upon tumor resection. |