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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2024 Mar 18.
Published in final edited form as: Adv Drug Deliv Rev. 2022 Jul 3;188:114415. doi: 10.1016/j.addr.2022.114415

Table 3.

Summary of clinical trials investigating the use of small molecules and biologics for halting glioma invasion.

Drug/References Clinical Phase/NCT# Composition Molecular Target Clinical goals/Outcomes
Cilengitide Phase II/III (NCT00006093) (NCT00679354) (NCT00093964) RGD peptide Integrin avp5 Evaluation of antitumor activity of Cliengitide in patients with recurrent GBM. Moderate antitumor activity in Phase II studies, however failure to enhance overall survival in randomized Phase III trials
Prinomastat Phase II (NCT00004200) Small molecule drug MMP inhibitor Evaluating the effectiveness of prinomastat plus TMZ treatments in GBM patients.
Sulfasalazine Pilot study (NCT01577966) Small molecule drug Inhibition of system xc, preventing glutamate release Pilot non randomized trial in GBM patients, evaluating the ability oforally dosed sulfasalazine to alter glutamate concentrations in glioma cells monitored via magnetic resonance spectroscopy.
Chlorotoxin(TM-601). Phase I/II clinical trial (NCT00040573) 36–aminoacid peptide Cl – channel (ClC3) inhibitor Open label single dose trial in 18 adult GBM patients, evaluating safety and tolerability of intracavitary application of chlorotoxin upon tumor resection.