Table 1.

Characteristics of adolescents aged 12–17 years—NHANES 1988–1994, 1999–2004, and 2005–2010

Characteristics	N	NHANES 1988–1994 % (95% CI)	N	NHANES 1999–2004 % (95% CI)	N	NHANES 2005–2010 % (95% CI)	p Value for trend^a
Sex
Male	1,155	52.0 (48.3–55.7)	2,647	50.9 (49.1–52.7)	1,824	51.2 (49–53.4)	.814
Female	1,292	48.0 (44.3–51.7)	2,595	49.1 (47.3–50.9)	1,720	48.8 (46.6–51)	.814
Race/ethnicity
Non-Hispanic white	624	65.6 (60.9–70.0)	1,331	61.1 (56.9–65.2)	1,045	60.9 (56.6–65.1)	.058
Non-Hispanic black	870	15.9 (13.3–18.9)	1,673	14.9 (12.3–17.8)	1,000	14.4 (12.3–16.8)	.539
Mexican American	826	8.7 (6.9–10.9)	1,819	10.9 (8.6–13.7)	1,028	12.3 (10.0–14.9)	.017
Other	127	9.7 (7.0–13.5)	419	13.1 (10.4–16.3)	471	12.4 (10.1–15.2)	.122
Education attainment of household head
<12 years	1,025	25.7 (22.5–29.2)	1,951	22.6 (20.3–25.2)	1,069	19.4 (17.3–21.7)	<.001
12 years	778	34.6 (31.1–38.2)	1,234	26.7 (24.7–28.8)	761	22.4 (20.1–24.9)	<.001
>12 year	638	39.7 (35.8–43.8)	1,858	50.6 (47.8–53.5)	1,569	58.2 (54.7–61.7)	<.001
PIR
<1 (poor)	830	22.2 (19.0–25.8)	1,514	21.0 (19.2–22.8)	933	18.7 (16.7–21.0)	.043
≥1–<2 (near poor)	623	25.0 (21.5–28.8)	1,290	22.6 (20.7–24.7)	866	20.8 (18.7–23.1)	.096
≥2–<3 (middle income)	403	24.0 (20.1–28.4)	723	16.4 (14.6–18.3)	538	17.2 (15.1–19.5)	.003
≥3 (high income)	370	28.8 (24.0–34.1)	1,297	40.1 (37.0–43.2)	964	43.3 (39.2–47.4)	<.001

95% CI = 95% confidence interval; NHANES = National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey; PIR = poverty income ratio.

p Value for trends across the surveys using logistic regression model adjusted for age, sex, and race/ethnicity; all tests two tailed.