Table 2.
Clinical, Echocardiographic, Hemodynamic, and Pressure-Volume-Derived Characteristics of LVAD Patients Split by Median RV Ees/Ea at Baseline Speed
| Characteristic | Ees/Ea ≤0.35 (n = 7) | Ees/Ea > 0.35 (n = 6) | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Women, n (%) | 2 (29) | 0 (0) | 0.16 |
| Ischemic etiology, n (%) | 2 (29) | 1 (17) | 0.61 |
| Sternotomy implant, n (%) | 6 (86) | 6 (100) | 0.34 |
| Left ventricle assist device (LVAD) type | 0.85 | ||
| Heartmate 3, n (%) | 5 (71) | 4 (80) | |
| HeartWare, n (%) | 2 (29) | 2 (20) | |
| Age (years) | 54 ± 12 | 55 ± 10 | 1.0 |
| Right heart catheterization referral reason | 0.048 | ||
| Clinical heart failure, n (%) | 5 (71) | 1 (17) | |
| Routine assessment, n (%) | 2 (29) | 5 (83) | |
| Daily diuretic requirement (furosemide equivalents) | 77 ± 104 | 10 ± 17 | 0.10 |
| Heart rate (min−1) | 68 ± 22 | 72 ± 12 | 0.29 |
| Mean arterial pressure (mm Hg) | 81 ± 12 | 85 ± 13 | 0.60 |
| Hemoglobin (g/dl) | 11.7 ± 0.9 | 12.4 ± 0.8 | 0.07 |
| Platelets (K/mm3) | 222 ± 76 | 177 ± 45 | 0.28 |
| Sodium (mmol/liter) | 138 ± 4 | 141 ± 3 | 0.14 |
| Chloride (mmol/liter) | 104 ± 2 | 105 ± 4 | 0.45 |
| Blood urea nitrogen (mg/dl) | 23 ± 10 | 23 ± 13 | 0.97 |
| Creatinine (mg/dl) | 1.4 ± 0.5 | 1.5 ± 0.7 | 0.81 |
| Total bilirubin (mg/dl) | 0.5 ± 0.2 | 0.6 ± 0.1 | 0.96 |
| NT-proBNP (mg/dl) | 1686 ± 889 | 1285 ± 1232 | 0.53 |
| Lactate dehydrogenase, LDH (U/liter) | 237 ± 105 | 195 ± 66 | 0.23 |
| International normalized ratio (INR) | 2.4 ± 0.3 | 2.3 ± 0.4 | 0.47 |
| Baseline power (watts) | 4.3 ± 0.5 | 4.5 ± 0.8 | 0.92 |
| Baseline flow (liter/min) | 4.1 ± 0.5 | 4.0 ± 0.7 | 0.92 |
| LVEF, % | 14 ± 5 | 18 ± 7 | 0.26 |
| Mitral regurgitation ≥ moderate | 1 (14) | 0 (0) | 0.34 |
| Tricuspid regurgitation ≥ moderate | 2 (29) | 0 (0) | 0.16 |
| Right atrial pressure (mm Hg) | 10 ± 4 | 6 ± 2 | 0.04 |
| Systolic PAP (mm Hg) | 42 ± 9 | 34 ± 8 | 0.11 |
| Diastolic PAP (mm Hg) | 23 ± 6 | 14 ± 4 | 0.02 |
| Mean PAP (mm Hg) | 29 ± 6 | 21 ± 5 | 0.04 |
| Pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (mm Hg) | 20 ± 4 | 13 ± 5 | 0.03 |
| Pulmonary artery saturation (%) | 59.1 ± 7.3 | 64.2 ± 3.0 | 0.25 |
| Cardiac output (liter/min) | 3.8 ± 1.0 | 4.7 ± 1.3 | 0.19 |
| Cardiac index (liter/min/m2) | 1.7 ± 0.5 | 2.2 ± 0.6 | 0.14 |
| Stroke volume (ml) | 47 ± 12 | 64 ± 19 | 0.10 |
| Pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) (Woods units) | 2.7 ± 1.8 | 1.7 ± 0.7 | 0.29 |
| Pulmonary artery pulsatility index (PAPi) | 2.1 ± 1.0 | 3.6 ± 1.2 | 0.08 |
| Pulmonary artery compliance (ml/mm Hg) | 2.6 ± 0.9 | 3.3 ± 0.4 | 0.18 |
| Right ventricular stroke work index (RVSWI) (g·m/m2/beat) | 5.4 ± 1.8 | 6.1 ± 3.2 | 0.94 |
| RA/PCWP | 0.5 ± 0.1 | 0.5 ± 0.1 | 0.97 |
| Baseline right ventricle end-systolic elastance (RV Ees) | 0.22 ± 0.11 | 0.19 ± 0.02 | 0.95 |
| Baseline right ventricle arterial elastance (RV Ea) | 0.82 ± 0.38 | 0.39 ± 0.08 | 0.002 |
| Baseline RV-PA coupling, RV Ees/Ea | 0.27 ± 0.05 | 0.49 ± 0.1 | 0.001 |
Abbreviations: LVAD, left ventricular assist device; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; NT-proBNP, N terminal-pro brain natriuretic peptide; PAP, pulmonary artery pressure; PCWP, pulmonary capillary wedge pressure; RV-PA, right ventricle-pulmonary arterial.