Table 2.
Characteristics Associated with Low-dose Bup Initiation Success at Follow-up, N=28
| Successful Initiation n = 19 | Unsuccessful Initiation n = 9 | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Patient-related characteristics | |||
| Age: median (IQR) | 53.0 (40.0, 59.0) | 45 (40, 60) | NS |
| Gender (man) | 10 (52.6) | 6 (66.7) | NS |
| Race white (vs. Black) | 14 (73.7) | 8 (88.9) | NS |
| Race (Black) | 5 (26.3) | 1 (11.1) | |
| Ethnicity Latino/a/x (yes)* | 9 (47.4) | 7 (77.8) | NS |
| Insurance Type | NS | ||
| Medicaid | 13 (68.4) | 5 (55.6) | |
| Medicare | 4 (21.1) | 3 (33.3) | |
| Private | 1 (5.3) | 0 (0) | |
| None | 1 (5.3) | 1 (11.1) | |
| Stably Housed (yes) | 15 (79.0) | 6 (66.7) | NS |
| Mental Health Diagnosis (yes) | 12 (63.2) | 5 (55.6) | NS |
| OUD Diagnosis | |||
| OUD only | 5 (26.3) | 6 (66.7) | NS |
| OUD + other SUD | 8(42.1) | 3 (33.3) | NS |
| None | 6 (31.6) | 0 (0) | NS |
| Prior bup rx (yes) | 9 (47.4) | 4 (44.4) | NS |
| History of precipitated withdrawal (yes) | 2 (10.5) | 3 (33.3) | NS |
| Fentanyl exposure (yes)** | 2 (12.5) | 1 (11.1) | NS |
| Primary Opioid Used | |||
| Rx opioids | 9 (47.4) | 4 (44.4) | NS |
| Heroin and/or fentanyl | 9 (47.4) | 4 (44.4) | NS |
| Methadone | 1 (5.3) | 1 (11.1) | NS |
| Enrolled in methadone treatment at admission (yes) | 2 (10.5) | 4 (44.4) | NS |
| Preadmission methadone treatment dose (mg): median (IQR) | 30 (30, 30) | 65 (60, 113) | NS |
| Opioids Used For | |||
| OUD only | 10 (52.6) | 6 (66.7) | NS |
| Pain only | 6 (31.6) | 0 (0) | NS |
| Both | 3 (15.8) | 3 (33.3) | NS |
| Lifetime overdose history (yes) | 5 (26.3) | 4 (44.4) | NS |
| History of IVDU (yes) | 6 (31.6) | 3 (33.3) | NS |
| Admission diagnosis drug overdose or withdrawal (yes) | 13 (68.4) | 8 (88.9) | NS |
| Methadone during admission (yes) | 9 (47.4) | 8 (88.9) | 0.049 |
| Continued from pre-admission | 2 (10.5) | 4 (44.4) | NS |
| Started during admission | 7 (36.8) | 4 (44.4) | NS |
| Treatment-related characteristics | |||
| Days admitted to hospital: median (IQR) | 14.5 (10.3, 20.3) | 8 (4,14) | NS |
| Reason for low-dose initiation | |||
| Transition off methadone | 8(42.1) | 6 (66.7) | NS |
| Transition off opioid analgesics | 9 (47.4) | 1 (11.1) | NS |
| History of precipitated withdrawal | 2 (10.5) | 3 (33.3) | NS |
| Low-dose initiation days: median (IQR) | 6 (4, 7) | 3 (2, 6) | NS |
| Highest COWS: median (IQR) | 1 (0, 2) | 5(1, 12) | NS |
| Precipitated withdrawal (yes) | 2 (10.5) | 2 (22.2) | NS |
| Left hospital prior to completion (yes) | 4 (21.1) | 4 (44.4) | NS |
| Initiation completed as inpatient (yes) | 15 (79.0) | 4 (21.1) | - |
| Opioids taken in 24 hrs prior | |||
| Methadone | 7 (36.8) | 7 (77.8) | NS |
| Other opioids | 9 (47.4) | 1 (11.1) | NS |
| None | 3 (15.8) | 1 (11.1) | NS |
| Overlapping opioid | |||
| Methadone | 7 (36.8) | 7 (77.8) | NS |
| Other opioids | 10 (52.6) | 2 (22.2) | NS |
| None | 2 (10.5) | 0 (0) | NS |
| Supplemental opioid MME: median (IQR) | 182 (24.0, 1480.0) | 1800 (363, 4600) | 0.04 |
| Adjuvant medications (yes) | 12 (63.2) | 7 (77.8) | NS |
*
All Latino/a/x individuals identified themselves as white.
**
Based on urine drug test, 7 participants missing data
Bup, buprenorphine; IQR, interquartile range; SUD, substance use disorder; OUD, opioid use disorder; SUD, substance use disorder; rx, prescription; mg, milligram; IVDU, intravenous drug use; COWS, Clinical Opiate Withdrawal Score; Bolded = statistically significant