Table 4. Association between demographic characteristics, medical history, TB exposure, and IGRA and TST positivity in medical and nursing students.
Results of univariate and multivariate logistic regression (IGRA = 266, TST = 265).
| Variable | Positive IGRA | Negative IGRA | OR (95% CI) | AOR (95% CI) | Positive TST | Negative TST | OR (95% CI) | AOR (95% CI) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | ||||||
| Total students | - | 43 (16.2) | 222 (83.8) | - | - | 85 (31.9) | 181 (68.1) | - | - |
| Age, median (years) | - | 21.8 (21.5–22.7) | 21.7 (21.2–22.4) | 1.14 (0.86–1.51) | 1.10 (0.82–1.47) | 21.8 (21.5–22.6) | 21.7 (21.3–22.3) | 1.19 (0.94–1.49) | 1.13 (0.88–1.44) |
| Gender | Male | 9 (12.7) | 62 (87.3) | 1 | 1 | 22 (31.0) | 49 (69.0) | 1 | 1 |
| Female | 34 (17.5) | 160 (82.5) | 1.46 (0.66–3.22) | 1.73 (0.76–3.93) | 63 (32.3) | 132 (67.7) | 1.06 (0.59–1.91) | 1.15 (0.63–2.10) | |
| Student type | Nursing | 3 (10.3) | 26 (89.7) | 1 | 1 | 10 (34.5) | 19 (65.5) | 1 | 1 |
| Medical | 40 (16.9) | 196 (83.1) | 1.77 (0.51–6.12) | 1.41 (0.37–5.44) | 75 (31.7) | 162 (68.3) | 0.88 (0.39–1.98) | 0.77 (0.32–1.89) | |
| Housing | Student housing | 36 (16.9) | 177 (83.1) | 1 | 68 (31.9) | 145 (68.1) | 1 | ||
| Family housing | 7 (13.5) | 45 (86.5) | 0.76 (0.32–1.83) | - | 17 (32.1) | 36 (67.9) | 1.01 (0.53–1.92) | - | |
| Ethnicity | Other | 30 (17.4) | 142 (82.6) | 1 | 60 (34.9) | 112 (65.1) | 1 | ||
| Sundanese | 13 (13.9) | 80 (86.1) | 0.77 (0.38–1.56) | - | 25 (26.6) | 69 (73.4) | 0.68 (0.39–1.28) | - | |
| BCG vaccination | No | 6 (20.0) | 24 (80.0) | 1 | 1 | 11 (36.7) | 19 (63.3) | 1 | 1 |
| Yes | 37 (15.7) | 198 (84.3) | 0.75 (0.29–1.95) | 0.61 (0.22–1.70) | 74 (31.4) | 162 (68.6) | 0.79 (0.36–1.74) | 0.73 (0.32–1.66) | |
| Smoking | Never | 41 (17.2) | 198 (82.8) | 1 | 75 (31.3) | 165 (68.8) | 1 | ||
| Current/ex-smoker | 2 (7.7) | 24 (92.3) | 0.45 (0.09–1.77) | - | 10 (38.5) | 16 (61.5) | 1.38 (0.60–3.17) | - | |
| Alcohol consumption | No | 40 (16.5) | 203 (83.5) | 1 | 77 (31.6) | 167 (68.4) | 1 | ||
| Yes | 3 (13.6) | 19 (86.4) | 0.80 (0.22–2.84) | - | 8 (36.4) | 14 (63.6) | 1.24 (0.50–3.08) | - | |
| BMI (kg/m2) median, IQR | - | 22.4 (20.4–26.2) | 22.2 (20.1–25.6) | 1.01 (0.93–1.09) | - | 22.5 (20.1–26.2) | 22.1 (20.2–24.9) | 1.03 (0.97–1.09) | - |
| Involved in other programme in health care facility prior to recruitment | No | 13 (24.5) | 40 (75.5) | 1 | 1 | 23 (43.4) | 30 (56.6) | 1 | 1 |
| Yes | 30 (14.2) | 182 (85.8) | 0.51 (0.24–1.06) | 0.55 (0.26–1.23) | 62 (29.1) | 151 (70.9) | 0.54 (0.29–0.99) | 0.58 (0.31–1.10) | |
| Direct contact with TB patient or participation in sputum collection/ examination | No | 22 (17.5) | 104 (82.5) | 1 | 44 (34.7) | 83 (65.3) | 1 | ||
| Yes | 21 (15.1) | 118 (84.9) | 0.84 (0.44–1.62) | - | 41 (29.5) | 98 (70.5) | 0.79 (0.47–1.32) | - | |
| Direct contact with family or friends with TB | No | 40 (20.4) | 156 (79.6) | 1 | 1 | 70 (35.5) | 127 (64.5) | 1 | 1 |
| Yes | 3 (4.4) | 66 (95.6) | 0.18 (0.05–0.59) | 0.18 (0.05–0.64) | 15 (21.7) | 54 (78.3) | 0.50 (0.26–0.96) | 0.51 (0.26–0.99) |
AOR = adjusted odds ratio, BCG = Bacille Calmette-Guerin, BMI = body mass index, CI = confidence interval, IGRA = interferon-gamma release assay, IQR = inter quartile range, OR = odds ratio
Percentages are by row