TABLE 1.
Descriptive statistics of all harmonized measures across samples.
| Variable | Rush‐MAP | ROS | WUSM‐MAP | EAS | GSOEP | HRS | LISS | SATSA |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Big Five personality traits | ||||||||
| Measurement tool | NEO‐FFI | NEO‐FFI | NEO‐PI R | IPIP NEO | BFI‐S | MIDI | IPIP50 | Eysenck |
| Extraversion | 5.50 (1.69) | 5.17 (1.65) | 5.73 (1.67) | 5.59 (1.75) | 6.40 (1.88) | 7.33 (1.85) | 5.64 (1.62) | 6.33 (0.74) |
| Agreeableness | 5.33 (1.40) | 6.37 (1.62) | 6.73 (1.87) | 7.45 (1.63) | 8.42 (1.59) | 6.68 (1.48) | 7.23 (1.17) | |
| Conscientiousness | 6.25 (1.57) | 6.27 (1.39) | 6.31 (1.79) | 6.95 (1.73) | 8.21 (1.55) | 7.85 (1.61) | 6.34 (1.49) | 7.05 (1.35) |
| Neuroticism | 3.65 (1.68) | 4.59 (1.61) | 3.94 (1.91) | 3.56 (2.08) | 4.92 (2.04) | 3.51 (2.06) | 6.03 (1.69) | 6.53 (1.35) |
| Openness to experience | 5.50 (1.51) | 5.60 (59) | 5.85 (2.03) | 5.88 (2.01) | 6.44 (1.87) | 5.98 (1.34) | 4.84 (1.34) | |
| Subjective well‐being | ||||||||
| Positive affect | 8.46 (1.82) | 8.20 (3.86) | 6.22 (2.15) | 6.56 (1.93) | 5.94 (1.67) | 7.47 (2.12) | ||
| Negative affect | 1.06 (1.30) | 3.63 (1.98) | 1.92 (1.81) | 1.75 (1.76) | 2.14 (2.29) | |||
| Satisfaction with life | 7.39 (1.78) | 6.75 (2.20) | 7.00 (1.76) | 6.08 (2.34) | 6.56 (1.46) | 5.75 (2.87) | ||
| Clinical dementia diagnosis | ||||||||
| Valid N | 4283 | 3374 | 1478 | 813 | 31,072 | 14,001 | 6543 | 2002 |
| Clinical dementia | 444 (22.17%) | 428 (30.77%) | 232 (27.39%) | 44 (5.67%) | 180 (1.03%) | 1130 (7.98%) | 20 (0.31%) | 163 (8.14%) |
| Mean dementia follow‐up (years) | 5.48 (4.14) | 9.56 (6.61) | 15.59 (22.11) | 2.70 (2.92) | 11.20 (0.48) | 6.76 (2.26) | 5.19 (4.43) | 21.00 (0.00) |
| Neuropathology | ||||||||
| Valid N | 1721 | 1525 | 627 | 37 | ||||
| Mean neuropathology follow‐up (years) | 6.16 (3.62) | 10.46 (6.04) | 14.83 (22.50) | 7.29 (3.52) | ||||
| Braak stage | 3.77 (1.20) | 3.58 (1.25) | 4.01 (1.66) | 3.12 (1.06) | ||||
| CERAD | 2.16 (1.12) | 2.22 (1.13) | 2.46 (0.81) | |||||
|
Lewy body disease |
177 (23.14%) | 177 (23.44%) | 58 (38.67%) | 4 (11.76%) | ||||
| Gross cerebral infarcts | 298 (37.91%) | 271 (34.70%) | 158 (100.00%) | |||||
| Gross cerebral microinfarcts | 260 (33.08%) | 245 (31.37%) | 27 (17.09%) | |||||
| Cerebral atherosclerosis | 1.13 (0.77) | 1.24 (0.78) | 1.29 (0.76) | |||||
| Cerebral amyloid angiopathy | 1.29 (0.95) | 1.29 (0.97) | 1.27 (0.88) | |||||
| Arteriosclerosis | 1.03 (0.91) | 0.99 (0.96) | 1.42 (0.70) | |||||
| Hippocampal sclerosis | 69 (9.77%) | 56 (7.64%) | 3 (3.66%) | 4 (11.76%) | ||||
| TDP‐43 | 428 (54.31%) | 353 (49.79%) | 27 (31.40%) | |||||
| Covariates | ||||||||
| Age | 81.12 (6.96) | 76.53 (7.24) | 71.37 (10.39) | 79.57 (5.39) | 48.51 (16.93) | 67.93 (10.45) | 46.54 (15.94) | 59.76 (14.02) |
| Gender (% female) | 532 (25.93%) | 417 (28.64%) | 474 (56.63%) | 476 (61.34%) | 9166 (52.48%) | 8438 (59.56%) | 3568 (54.53%) | 1177 (58.79% |
| Education | 14.87 (3.15) | 18.25 (3.48) | 15.71 (2.95) | 14.46 (3.39) | 11.60 (2.52) | 12.61 (3.08) | 12.60 (4.19) | 10.32 (1.82) |
| Global cognition | 6.55 (1.02) | 6.43 (0.98) | 3.92 (1.29) | 4.98 (0.81) | 7.18 (1.58) | 3.08 (2.81) | 5.49 (1.35) | |
| Body mass index (BMI) | 27.03 (5.02) | 27.32 (5.39) | 28.28 (5.09) | 25.61 (4.35) | 27.66 (4.42) | 25.42 (7.82) | 25.50 (3.80) | |
| Self‐rated health | 3.93 (2.94) | 6.75 (2.30) | 6.36 (2.78) | 5.39 (1.89) | 2.16 (2.79) | |||
| Smokes | 870 (42.52%) | 285 (19.57%) | 97 (11.58%) | 423 (54.51%) | 5617 (33.97%) | 7935 (56.01%) | 4009 (61.97%) | 998 (49.85%) |
| Alcohol use | 596 (36.01%) | 362 (27.57%) | 44 (5.25%) | 714 (92.01%) | 9800 (58.31%) | 7523 (53.10%) | 5953 (92.02%) | 1334 (67.89%) |
| Race (% Other) | 361 (17.59%) | 224 (15.38%) | 126 (15.05%) | 343 (44.20%) | 5074 (35.82%) | |||
| Stroke | 174 (9.26%) | 96 (6.95%) | 17 (2.03%) | 34 (4.38%) | 0 (0.00%) | 1410 (9.95%) | 52 (0.81%) | 40 (2.06%) |
| Cancer | 676 (32.96%) | 444 (30.49%) | 56 (6.68%) | 136 (17.62%) | 0 (0.00%) | 2500 (17.65%) | 104 (1.62%) | 77 (3.98%) |
| Diabetes | 275 (13.41%) | 193 (13.26%) | 75 (8.95%) | 141 (18.24%) | 0 (0.00%) | 3376 (23.83%) | 305 (4.76%) | 124 (6.38%) |
| Heart problems | 249 (12.15%) | 147 (10.10%) | 70 (8.35%) | 170 (21.91%) | 4367 (30.83%) | 252 (3.93%) | 667 (33.91%) | |
Note: Sample sizes are based on the number of participants with at least one personality trait or well‐being measurement occasion and at least one valid dementia diagnosis or neuropathology indicator. Age, education, gender, smoking, alcohol, BMI, chronic conditions, and cognition were assessed at the first baseline personality assessment. See supplementary materials for full details on cognitive measures and scoring across samples. No. cases (%) values represent binary indicators (eg, No. women [proportion of women] for gender), while continuous indicators are presented as M (SD).