. 2024 Mar 11;2024:9900213. doi: 10.1155/2024/9900213

Table 2.

Changes in different aspects of PCOS patients following different antidiabetic drugs as an add-on medication to metformin.

Pioglitazone [19]

Pioglitazone [16]

Rosiglitazone [20]

Rosiglitazone [15]

Rosiglitazone [26]

Canagliflozin [32]

Control

Intervention

Control

Intervention

Control

Intervention

Control

Intervention

Control

Intervention

Control

Intervention

Met, 1000 mg/day

Met, 1000 mg/day + PGZ 30 mg/day

Met, 1500 mg/day

Met, 1500 mg/day + PGZ 30 mg/day

Met, 850 mg/day

Met, 850 mg/day + RSG 4 mg/day

Met, 1500 mg/day

Met, 1000 mg/day + RSG 4 mg/day

Met, 1500 mg/day

Met, 1500 mg/day + RSG 4 mg/day

Met, 2000 mg/day

Met, 2000 mg/day + CANA 100 mg/day

Pre

Post¹

Pre

Post¹

Pre

Post¹

Pre

Post¹

Pre

Post²

Pre

Post²

Pre

Post²

Pre

Post²

Pre

Post²

Pre

Post²

Pre

Post¹

Pre

Post¹

Glycemic profile

FBS (mg/dL)

90.9 (7)

91.6 (6.6)

92.5 (5.8)

92 (6.1)

97.2 (9)

91.8 (5.4)^∗

91.8 (9)

90 (7.2)

86.8 (2.4)

84.4 (2.4)

79.1 (2.9)

84.7 (2.8)

96.8 (7.4)

91.6 (6.1)^∗

98.4 (7.9)

92.5 (10.4)^∗

75.6 (18)

73.8 (18)

81 (14.4)

70.2 (12.6)

95.4

102.6

93.6^∗

HOMA-IR

7.1 (3)

3.9 (2)^∗

6.2 (2.6)

3.8 (2.1)^∗

4.2 (2.7)

2.3 (1.2)^∗

2.7 (1.8)

1.6 (0.8)^∗

5.4 (1.9)

3.6 (1.3)^∗

5.5 (2)

3.6 (1.5)^∗

5 (1.9)

2.9 (1.3)^∗

5.4 (2)

2.2 (1.2)^∗

4.25

3.51^∗

5.7

3.14^∗

Anthropometric measures

BW (kg)

76.7 (16.8)

76.5 (16.3)^∗

75.7 (12.9)

74.6 (12)^∗

71.3 (11.2)

71 (12.8)

72.6 (9.4)

71.5 (9.8)

62.1 (0.6)

61.4 (0.3)

62.1 (0.7)

62.3 (0.4)

70 (8)

63.2 (7)^∗

70 (8.2)

66.4 (8)^∗

74.7 (8.9)

72.5 (10)^∗

81.2 (9.8)

75.4 (8.7)^∗

BMI

30.1 (6.6)

29.9 (6.5)^∗

28.8 (5.1)

28.3 (4.6)^∗

27.5 (3.6)

27.4 (4.4)

28.5 (3.2)

28 (3.4)

24.6 (0.2)

24.3 (0.1)

24.6 (0.3)

24.6 (0.1)

27.7 (2)

25 (1.8)^∗

27.3 (2.1)

25.9 (2.2)^∗

29.3 (3.2)

27.1 (3.5)^∗

31.1 (3)

28.6 (2.9)^∗

WC (cm)

93.4 (7.2)

89.5 (7.5)^∗

92.5 (7.5)

90.2 (7)^∗

WHR

0.83 (0.03)

0.83 (0.04)

0.82 (0.04)

0.82 (0.05)

0.8 (0.01)

0.8

0.81 (0.01)

0.8

0.93 (0.06)

0.89 (0.06)^∗

0.93 (0.06)

0.9 (0.06)^∗

Lipid profile

TG (mg/dL)

140.3 (58.2)

147 (78.9)

131 (59.3)

114.3 (78.5)

160.1 (53.1)

130 (53)^∗

162 (54)

114.1 (60)^∗

327.4 (70.8)

194.7 (62)^∗

327.4 (44.2)

177 (53.1)^∗

131.8

126.5

136.3

106.1^∗

TC (mg/dL)

215 (36.5)

209.7 (37.2)

196 (36.6)

197 (35.6)

175.3 (35.5)

158.3 (42.4)^∗

173.7 (33.6)

145.9 (29.3)^∗

183 (24.3)

175.3 (20)

189.2 (36)

175.3 (30.9)^∗

HDL-C (mg/dL)

51.1 (12.1)

52.9 (11)

52.2 (12.2)

55.7 (13.2)

49.8 (7.34)

57.1 (9.27)^∗

50.5 (10)

53.3 (10.4)^∗

LDL-C (mg/dL)

131.8 (26.7)

127 (28)

126.9 (33.5)

124 (29.8)

112.7 (30.5)

86.5 (31.6)^∗

113.5 (22.4)

85.7 (30.9)^∗

104.2 (11.6)

88.8 (7.7)^∗

104.2 (11.6)

73.3 (7.7)^∗

116.2 (20.8)

109.2 (18.9)

118.1 (37.4)

109.2 (27)

Hormonal profile

LH (IU/L)

5.7 (3.7)

4.9 (2.2)

6.6 (4.49)

5.1 (2.5)^∗

7.9 (2.3)

6.3 (2.4)^∗

6.8 (2.7)

6.4 (2.2)

11.4 (2.1)

4 (1.2)^∗

12.1 (2.2)

3.2 (0.2)^∗

11.6

10.27

10.8

8.59

FSH (IU/L)

8.4

6.2 (3.8)^∗

8.7 (6.7)

6.1 (3.8)^∗

5.2 (1.7)

5.5 (1.4)

5.6 (2.2)

7 (2.2)^∗

3.5 (1.5)

3.3 (1.6)

3.6 (1.4)

3.3 (1.4)

6 (1.6)

5.36 (1.9)

6.6 (1.5)

5.84 (2.2)

Prolactin (ng/mL)

376.5 (185.4)

261.2 (131.1)^∗

239.4 (136.6)

199.4 (96.4)^∗

Testosterone (ng/mL)

0.32 (0.1)

0.19 (0.09)^∗

0.28 (0.14)

0.18 (0.07)^∗

0.7 (0.2)

0.6 (0.18)^∗

0.6 (0.2)

0.6 (0.1)

1.1 (0.11)

0.37 (0.04)

1.9 (0.13)

0.41 (0.06)

0.66 (0.17)

0.5 (0.18)^∗

0.65 (0.25)

0.46 (0.19)^∗

0.57 (0.08)

0.46 (0.08)^∗

0.57 (0.11)

0.37 (0.11)^∗

0.89

0.71^∗

0.95

0.53^∗

DHEA-S (mg/L)

1.5 (0.7)

1.4 (0.5)

1.4 (0.7)

1.5 (0.8)

3.3 (0.35)

3 (0.39)

2.9 (0.41)

4.1 (0.51)

SBP (mmHg)

123.9 (0.6)

119.5 (0.7)

123.2 (0.7)

118.7 (0.8)

DBP (mmHg)

82.9 (0.6)

81.4 (0.5)

83.6 (0.7)

81.5 (0.6)

Sitagliptin [21]

Sitagliptin [24]

Exenatide [22]

Exenatide [27]

Exenatide [29]

Control

Intervention

Control

Intervention

Control

Intervention

Control

Intervention

Control

Intervention

Met 1000 mg/day

Met, 1000 mg/day + SITA 100 mg/day

Met, 2000 mg/day

Met, 2000 mg/day + SITA 100 mg/day

Met, 2000 mg/day

Met, 2000 mg/day + EX 20 μg/day

Met, 1500 mg/day

Met, 1500 mg/day + EX 2 mg/week

Met, 2000 mg/day

Met, 2000 mg/day + EX 20 μg/day

Pre

Post³

Pre

Post³

Pre

Post¹

Pre

Post¹

Pre

Post²

Pre

Post²

Pre

Post¹

Pre

Post¹

Pre

Post¹

Pre

Post¹

Glycemic profile

FBS (mg/dL)

93.6 (8.3)

93.4 (9.2)

93.8 (10.2)

88.7 (8.4)^∗

HOMA-IR

4.09 (0.71)

3.43 (0.47)^∗

3.86 (0.79)

3.39 (0.61)^∗

6.1 (7.1)

2.9 (1.8)

3.1 (1.3)

2.1 (1.5)

6.03 (0.96)

5.7 (0.7)

4.3 (1)

3.5 (0.7)

4.49 (1.1)

4.8 (2.1)

5.3 (3)

4.7 (1.5)

Anthropometric measures

BW (kg)

101.2 (12.1)

105.9 (13.7)^∗

100.4 (12.9)

101.4 (14)

113.4 (7)

111.8 (6)

112 (8)

106.4 (6)

79.1 (10.8)

77.05 (9.75)^∗

82.34 (11.42)

78.57 (10.94)^∗

80 (8.8)

76 (10)^∗

83.2 (13)

76.6 (13.2)^∗

BMI

37.8 (4.7)

39.5 (5)^∗

34.8 (5.4)

35.1 (5.7)

43.3 (2)

42.3 (2)

40.9 (2)

39.2 (2)

30.4 (3.16)

29.63 (2.8)^∗

30.8 (3.41)

29.4 (3.32)^∗

29.64 (3.6)

28.2 (3.6)^∗

31.6 (4.67)

29.17 (4.8)^∗

WC (cm)

106.8 (9.5)

108.8 (12.8)

105.3 (12.7)

103.3 (12.5)

96.6 (9.1)

95 (8.1)^∗

97.3 (9.6)

92.7 (8.7)^∗

WHR

Lipid profile

TG (mg/dL)

115 (44.2)

123.9 (44.2)

132.7 (61.9)

141.6 (70.8)

155 (15)

188 (17)

135 (15)

126 (17)

150.4

217.7^∗

115

177^∗

137.1 (97.3)

122.1 (11.5)^∗

176.1 (0.67)

105.3 (49.5)^∗

TC (mg/dL)

185.3 (38.6)

189.2 (42.4)

189.2 (38.6)

189.2 (42.4)

188 (9)

197 (9)

212 (9)

196 (9)

198.8 (33.6)

217.7 (34)^∗

190.7 (30.1)

198 (38.2)

177.2 (32)

179.9 (7.7)

181.8 (29.3)

177.6 (25.4)

HDL-C (mg/dL)

50.2 (7.7)

54 (7.7)

46.33 (7.7)

50.2 (7.7)^∗

41.4 (2)

39.7 (1.7)

46.8 (2)

46.1 (1.7)

44 (8.5)

56 (13.9)^∗

45.9 (9.2)

55.6 (13.1)^∗

45.1 (5.8)

47.8 (2.8)

43.6 (6.3)

43.2 (7.14)

LDL-C (mg/dL)

112 (34.7)

115.8 (34.7)

119.7 (30.9)

115.6 (8)

119.5 (8)

139.2 (8)

124.6 (8)

130.5 (27.4)

130.1 (30.1)

124.3 (23.5)

115 (32)

116.6 (25.5)

97.3 (14.6)^∗

129.7 (28.2)

108.5 (19.7)^∗

Hormonal profile

LH (IU/L)

6.4 (4.3)

5.8 (2.7)

7.9 (8.1)

8.8 (14.5)

7.8 (5.6)

6.1 (2.6)^∗

7.5 (3.7)

6.5 (2.2)^∗

FSH (IU/L)

4.99 (0.72)

5.98 (0.96)

5.31 (1.1)

5.83 (0.88)

3.6 (1.6)

4.9 (2)^∗

5.5 (2.3)

5.2 (3)

6.3 (1.5)

6.2 (1.8)

6.4 (1.9)

6.5 (1)

Prolactin (ng/mL)

13.56 (0.45)

14.7 (0.69)

14.25 (0.69)

15.63 (1.15)

Testosterone (ng/mL)

0.51 (0.17)

0.4 (0.17)

0.37 (0.17)

0.37 (0.2)

0.56 (0.08)

0.53 (0.07)

0.59 (0.08)

0.41 (0.07)

0.78 (0.22)

0.56 (0.2)^∗

0.74 (0.29)

0.57 (0.25)^∗

0.63 (0.28)

0.53 (0.23)^∗

0.67 (0.21)

0.54 (0.27)^∗

DHEA-S (mg/L)

2.29 (0.72)

0.66 (0.09)

2.81 (1.18)

0.58 (0.12)

1.42 (0.19)

1.61 (0.2)

1.23 (0.2)

1.21 (0.2)

2.65 (1.2)

2.61 (1.2)

2.63 (1.2)

2.61 (1.3)

2.55 (1.1)

2.46 (0.53)

2.48 (0.81)

2.34 (0.66)

SBP (mmHg)

DBP (mmHg)

Saxagliptin [23]

Saxagliptin [28]

Liraglutide [25]

Liraglutide [31]

Beinaglutide [30]

Control

Intervention

Control

Intervention

Control

Intervention

Control

Intervention

Control

Intervention

Met, 2000 mg/day

Met, 2000 mg/day + SAXA 5 mg/day

Met, 2000 mg/day

Met, 2000 mg/day + SAXA 5 mg/day

Met, 2000 mg/day

Met, 2000 mg/day + LIR 1.2 mg/day

Met, 2000 mg/day

Met, 2000 mg/day + LIR 1.2 mg/day

Met, 1700 mg/day

Met, 1700 mg/day + beinaglutide 0.6 mg/day

Pre

Post⁴

Pre

Post⁴

Pre

Post²

Pre

Post²

Pre

Post¹

Pre

Post¹

Pre

Post⁵

Post¹

Pre

Post⁵

Post¹

Pre

Post¹

Pre

Post¹

Glycemic profile

FBS (mg/dL)

100.8 (10.2)

97.2 (12.6)

100.8 (9.9)

90 (6.5)

101.1

90.1^∗

105.1

92.5^∗

98.6 (9.3)

93.6 (5.7)^∗

102.6 (16.7)

90.9 (7.2)^∗

95.2 (5)

93.8 (15.1)^∗

99.1 (5.9)

92.1 (5.2)^∗

HOMA-IR

6.8 (3.6)

5.9 (3.7)

5 (2)

3.6 (2.1)

3.56

2.29^∗

4.22

2.45^∗

3.8 (2.8)

2.5 (1.7)

1.7 (3.6)

2.1 (2.1)

4.53 (3.07)

2.86 (2.05)^∗

4.85 (2.09)

2.62 (1.05)^∗

5.39 (1.86)

4.96 (2.74)

5.68 (1.94)

4.98 (1.73)^∗

Anthropometric measures

BW (kg)

67.9

65.1^∗

69.3

67^∗

103.2 (6.3)

102 (6.8)

105.5 (20.6)

99 (21.2)

76.5 (12.4)

74.1 (12.4)^∗

71.4 (11.5)^∗

79 (8.4)

73.2 (7.7)^∗

69.9 (7.2)^∗

72.5 (5.9)

70 (3.8)^∗

72.9 (6.8)

68.4 (5.9)^∗

BMI

42.1 (7.3)

42 (7.7)

43.8 (10.5)

42 (10.2)

26.4

25.32^∗

26.38

25.46^∗

36.6 (3.5)

36.1 (3.8)

37.6 (5.1)

35.3 (5.5)

28.8 (4.2)

27.9 (4.2)^∗

26.8 (3.7)^∗

29.6 (3.4)

27.4 (3)^∗

26.2 (2.7)^∗

29 (2.3)

27 (1)^∗

28.8 (2.9)

25.9 (2.7)^∗

WC (cm)

111 (11)

109 (13)

111 (15)

106 (16)

82.8

79.9^∗

84.7

81.5^∗

122.3 (7)

120.7 (7.8)

121.9 (17.7)

116.4 (18.4)

89.7 (5.4)

89.9 (5.7)

96.8 (6.9)

94.6 (5.4)^∗

WHR

0.85 (0.06)

0.83 (0.05)^∗

0.86 (0.06)

0.83 (0.05)^∗

0.95 (0.13)

0.94 (0.12)

0.99 (0.06)

0.98 (0.06)

Lipid profile

TG (mg/dL)

134.5 (56.6)

164.6 (61.9)

142.5 (53.1)

117.7 (35.4)

116.8

79.6^∗

118.5

84^∗

141.2 (32.7)

115 (32.7)

123.9 (26.5)

123.9 (32.7)

230 (66.3)

215 (48.6)^∗

255.7 (72.5)

237.1 (65.5)^∗

TC (mg/dL)

189.1 (27)

181.4 (23.9)

189.1 (29.3)

177.6 (20.8)

190.7

176^∗

185.3

174.5^∗

181.5 (23.1)

177.6 (15.4)

204.6 (42.4)

177.6 (30.9)

174.5 (24.3)

171.8 (32)

185.7 (17.3)

184.1 (18.5)

HDL-C (mg/dL)

43.2 (13.5)

40.9 (11.6)

40.1 (9.6)

40.9 (7.7)

52.1

54.4^∗

47.8

42.4 (7.7)

46.3 (7.7)

50.2 (15.4)

42.4 (7.7)

43.6 (16.6)

50.9 (12.3)^∗

41.3 (7.3)

42.8 (9.2)

LDL-C (mg/dL)

118.1 (23.1)

108.8 (23.1)

122 (21.6)

113.9 (19.3)

128.1 (26.6)

111.5 (17.3)^∗

131.2 (28.1)

115 (15.8)^∗

112 (23.1)

112 (19.3)

131.3 (30.9)

112 (30.9)

114.3 (13.9)

112.3 (11.2)

117.3 (14.6)

115 (20.4)

Hormonal profile

LH (IU/L)

11.74

7.55^∗

9.62

7.68

11.97 (4.2)

12.08 (6.47)

9.77 (5.81)

12.09 (5.2)

9.54 (4.5)

6.61 (4.7)^∗

10 (3)

10.4 (2.5)

10.8 (4.6)

10.1 (3.9)

FSH (IU/L)

8.18

5.92^∗

7.66

5.97^∗

6.03 (1.48)

5.91 (1.72)

5.28 (2.11)

6.22 (1.4)

5.15 (1.9)^∗

4.4 (2.6)^∗

5.8 (1.1)

5.9 (0.8)

5.7 (1)

5.8 (0.9)

Prolactin (ng/mL)

10.8 (4.2)

10.8 (4.5)

13 (5.7)^∗

10.2 (3.6)

10.6 (4.6)

12.9 (4.9)^∗

Testosterone (ng/mL)

0.42 (0.17)

0.31 (0.12)

0.42 (0.18)

0.31 (0.21)

0.74

0.6^∗

0.75

0.65^∗

0.49 (0.28)

0.43 (0.26)

0.6 (0.37)

0.46 (0.2)

0.84 (0.25)

0.81 (0.35)

0.79 (0.31)

0.79 (0.2)

0.7 (0.2)

0.62 (0.2)^∗

DHEA-S (mg/L)

1.76 (0.55)

1.7 (0.55)

1.46 (0.81)

1.4 (0.66)

2.28 (1.17)

2.13 (1.32)

2.1 (0.77)

1.95 (0.88)

SBP (mmHg)

135.7 (7)

133 (11)

131.6 (12)

131 (13)

121.9 (13.1)

116.8 (14.6)

125 (13)

126.7 (18.2)

DBP (mmHg)

88.6 (8)

85.4 (9.8)

82.5 (13)

83.5 (8.9)

74.1 (12.2)

70.2 (9.4)

80 (6.6)

79.9 (7.8)

¹After 12 weeks of intervention. ²After 24 weeks of intervention. ³After 8 weeks of intervention. ⁴After 16 weeks of intervention. ⁵After 4 weeks of intervention. ^∗Significant differences between before and after intervention. Values are mean (standard deviation) if available. Pre, before intervention; post, after intervention; FBS, fasting blood sugar; BW, body weight; BMI, body mass index; WC, waist circumference; WHR, waist-to-hip ratio; TG, triglyceride; TC, total cholesterol; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; Met, metformin; PGZ, pioglitazone; RSG, rosiglitazone; CANA, canagliflozin; SITA, sitagliptin; EX, exenatide; SAXA, saxagliptin; LIR, liraglutide; NR, not reported.