Table 4. The hypertension medication history according to frailty status from the HOWOLD-BP study.
| Medication | Robust (n = 1,498) | Prefrail/frail (n = 585) | P value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean ± SD | 1.95 ± 0.773 | 2.06 ± 0.81 | 0.003 | ||
| No. of medications | 0.003 | ||||
| 0 | 4 (0.3) | 6 (1.0) | |||
| 1 | 440 (29.4) | 134 (22.9) | |||
| 2 | 722 (48.2) | 286 (48.9) | |||
| 3 | 295 (19.7) | 137 (23.4) | |||
| 4 | 37 (2.5) | 22 (3.8) | |||
| Types of medications | |||||
| One agent | 0.572 | ||||
| ACE inhibitor/ARB (A) | 236 (53.6) | 63 (47.0) | |||
| Beta blocker (B) | 45 (10.2) | 17 (12.7) | |||
| Calcium channel blocker (C) | 155 (35.2) | 53 (39.6) | |||
| Thiazide (D) | 4 (0.9) | 1 (0.7) | |||
| Two agents | 0.025 | ||||
| A + B | 151 (20.9) | 89 (31.1) | |||
| A + C | 409 (56.6) | 147 (51.4) | |||
| A + D | 84 (11.6) | 25 (8.7) | |||
| B + C | 62 (8.6) | 21 (7.3) | |||
| B + D | 6 (0.8) | 2 (0.7) | |||
| C + D | 10 (1.4) | 2 (0.7) | |||
| Three agents | < 0.0001 | ||||
| A + B + C | 107 (36.3) | 85 (62.0) | |||
| A + B + D | 29 (9.8) | 12 (8.8) | |||
| A + C + D | 155 (52.5) | 39 (28.5) | |||
| B + C + D | 4 (1.4) | 1 (0.7) | |||
HOWOLD-BP = HOW to Optimize eLDerly systolic BP, SD = standard deviation, ACE = angiotensin-converting-enzyme, ARB = angiotensin receptor blocker.