Table 1.
Baseline characteristics according to quartiles of HOMA-β in PCOS.
| Variables | Quartiles of HOMA-β | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Quartile 1 | Quartile 2 | Quartile 3 | Quartile 4 | P for trend | |
| 302 | 304 | 303 | 303 | ||
| Ovarian stimulation date a , n (%) | 0.24 | ||||
| Tertile 1 | 110 (27.2) | 92 (22.8) | 116 (28.7) | 86 (21.3) | |
| Tertile 2 | 97 (24.0) | 103 (25.5) | 97 (24.0) | 107 (26.5) | |
| Tertile 3 | 95 (23.5) | 109 (27.0) | 90 (22.3) | 110 (27.2) | |
| Age (years) | 30.00 (27.00-32.25) | 29.00 (27.00-31.75) | 30.00 (27.00-32.00) | 29.00 (27.00-32.00) | 0.13 |
| Infertility duration (year) | 3.00 (2.00-4.00) | 3.00 (2.00-4.00) | 3.00 (2.00-5.00) | 3.00 (2.00-5.00) | 0.11 |
| Infertility type, n(%) | 0.86 | ||||
| Primary | 145 (48.0) | 158 (52.0) | 137 (45.2) | 150 (49.5) | |
| Secondary | 157 (52.0) | 146 (48.0) | 166 (54.8) | 153 (50.5) | |
| Fertilization mode, n(%) | 0.92 | ||||
| IVF | 200 (66.2) | 197 (64.8) | 199 (65.7) | 202 (66.7) | |
| ICSI | 80 (26.5) | 79 (26.0) | 76 (25.1) | 75 (24.8) | |
| Half-ICSI | 22 (7.3) | 28 (9.2) | 28 (9.2) | 26 (8.6) | |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 20.36 (18.80-22.87) | 22.62 (20.89-24.65) | 24.61 (22.08-27.34) | 25.30 (23.05-27.34) | <0.001 |
| SBP (mmHg) | 110.00 (102.75-118.00) | 110.00 (103.00-123.00) | 118.00 (107.75-128.00) | 120.00 (112.00-129.00) | <0.001 |
| DBP (mmHg) | 70.00 (66.00-79.00) | 71.00 (68.00-79.00) | 75.00 (70.00-81.00) | 78.00 (70.00-83.00) | <0.001 |
| Basal LH (IU/L) | 6.78 (5.07-9.30) | 7.57 (5.43-10.20) | 7.18 (4.74-9.24) | 6.20 (4.34-9.25) | 0.10 |
| Basal FSH (IU/L) | 6.62 (5.65-8.10) | 6.63 (5.73-7.60) | 6.54 (5.51-7.56) | 6.26 (5.29-7.30) | <0.001 |
| LH/FSH ratio | 0.99 (0.76-1.36) | 1.10 (0.80-1.58) | 1.04 (0.75-1.46) | 1.09 (0.71-1.48) | 0.65 |
| Basal E2 (pmol/L) | 148.50 (97.00-200.25) | 161.00 (119.00-216.00) | 159.00 (108.00-214.00) | 150.00 (109.00-197.00) | 0.83 |
| Basal T (nmol/L) | 1.64 (1.15-1.99) | 1.86 (1.49-2.30) | 1.79 (1.41-2.26) | 2.09 (1.56-2.43) | <0.001 |
| Basal AFC, n | 25 (20-31) | 27 (21-33) | 25 (20-31) | 27 (20-34) | 0.24 |
| AMH (ng/mL)* | 8.04 (6.05-10.62) | 8.56 (6.29-10.98) | 8.90 (6.71-11.69) | 7.80 (6.07-10.52) | 0.99 |
| FBG (mmol/L) | 5.30 (5.00-5.60) | 5.20 (5.00-5.50) | 5.20 (5.00-5.60) | 5.10 (4.80-5.40) | <0.001 |
| FINS (mIU/L) | 4.96 (3.69-6.41) | 9.23 (7.79-10.85) | 13.21 (11.27-16.04) | 19.91 (15.55-25.44) | <0.001 |
| TC (mmol/L) | 4.49 (3.98-5.09) | 4.72 (4.17-5.31) | 4.76 (4.23-5.35) | 4.89 (4.34-5.49) | <0.001 |
| TG (mmol/L) | 0.98 (0.72-1.34) | 1.28 (0.85-1.63) | 1.33 (0.95-1.91) | 1.88 (1.28-2.45) | <0.001 |
| HDL (mmol/L) | 1.41 (1.23-1.65) | 1.32 (1.15-1.52) | 1.28 (1.15-1.45) | 1.16 (1.00-1.36) | <0.001 |
| LDL (mmol/L) | 2.44 (2.06-2.93) | 2.72 (2.24-3.26) | 2.69 (2.20-3.20) | 2.81 (2.39-3.35) | <0.001 |
| HOMA-IR | 1.14 (0.86-1.54) | 2.15 (1.77-2.64) | 3.08 (2.49-3.85) | 4.46 (3.31-5.88) | <0.001 |
| HOMA-β | 55.81 (43.61-70.95) | 105.43 (91.40-119.57) | 156.34 (140.70-172.56) | 248.18 (215.72-299.68) | <0.001 |
| No. of retrieved oocytes | 12.00 (8.00-16.00) | 12.50 (8.00-17.00) | 11.00 (7.00-15.00) | 12.00 (8.00-16.00) | 0.64 |
| No. of mature oocytes | 10.00 (6.00-13.00) | 10.00 (7.00-14.00) | 9.00 (6.00-13.00) | 10.00 (6.00-13.00) | 0.21 |
| No. of fertilized oocytes | 7.00 (4.00-10.00) | 7.00 (5.00-11.00) | 7.00 (4.00-10.00) | 7.00 (4.00-10.00) | 0.14 |
| No. of embryos obtained | 7.00 (3.00-9.00) | 7.00 (4.00-10.00) | 6.00 (4.00-10.00) | 7.00 (3.00-9.00) | 0.17 |
| No. of good-quality embryos | 2.00 (1.00-5.00) | 3.00 (1.00-5.00) | 3.00 (1.00-5.00) | 2.00 (1.00-5.00) | 0.69 |
| No. of transferred embryos | 2.00 (2.00-2.00) | 2.00 (2.00-2.00) | 2.00 (2.00-2.00) | 2.00 (1.00-2.00) | 0.10 |
| Endometrial thickness (mm) | 10.0 (8.45-11.00) | 10.0 (8.50-12.00) | 10.0 (9.00-11.00) | 10.0 (8.00-12.00) | 0.93 |
The quartile ranges of HOMA-β were < 82.28 (n=302), 82.28-129.54 (n=304), 129.55-188.75 (n=303), and > 188.75 (n=303).
*Quartile 1: n=64, Quartile 2: n=114, Quartile 3: n=82, Quartile 4: n=108.
Tertiles of controlled ovarian stimulation starting date are as follows: tertile 1, September 1, 2010 to April 29, 2014; tertile 2, April 30, 2014 to November 7, 2017; tertile 3, November 8, 2017 to December 31, 2019.
HOMA-β, homeostasis model assessment of β cell function; PCOS, polycystic ovary syndrome; BMI, body mass index; LH, luteinizing hormone; FSH, follicle stimulating hormone; E2, estradiol; T, testosterone; AFC, antral follicle count; AMH, anti-mullerian hormone; FBG, fasting plasma glucose; FINS, fasting insulin; TC, total cholesterol; TG, triglycerides; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; HOMA-IR, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure.