Table 2.

Behavioral expressions, linguistic aspects, electroencephalographic (EEG) recording, and explanation of the actions concerning the limpia.

	Preparation (0.01–0.45 min).
Behavioral expressions	Lupita is standing with her eyes closed. She holds something tightly wrapped in a bandana in her hands. At times, she puts a hand to her forehead. At times, Lupita appears to experience spasms, sudden movements of her head, and slight moans. She opens her eyes and kisses the object contained in the bandana, then places it on the table. Lupita takes with her right hand a spray bottle containing a solution that she brought with her and takes an egg with her left hand. She sprays the space in which she will limpiar (clean) the participant with the solution from the spray bottle. She points to the spot she cleaned, and the participant stands there.
Linguistic aspect	-
EEG	Alpha activity alternated with gamma traces of 35–70 Hz and with activity associated with muscle movements.
Explanation	The healer concentrates and asks for support from her protectors with the purpose of “seeing” if the participant has any serious damage.
Limpia with an egg (0.46–1.59 min.)
Behavioral expressions	Lupita begins the limpia. She touches the participant’s forehead with the egg and then the chest, marking the shape of a cross. Then, she rubs the egg around the participant’s head and continues doing so on the arms, chest, stomach, and legs. She conducts the limpia in silence.
Linguistic aspect	-
EEG	Beta activity alternated with activity associated with muscle movements and with high amplitude gamma activity from 35 to 80 Hz in the right hemisphere.
Explanation	The egg “collects” the bad things that the participant may have. Unlike other healers and shamans, Lupita does not break or open the egg to read it; she performs the reading on the surface, through which it “sees” the person’s problem, solution, and possibilities.
Limpia with the object in the bandana (2.00–2.38 min.)
Behavioral expressions	Lupita takes the object wrapped in the bandana and starts the limpia. She lightly rubs the object on the participant’s head and chest, making the shape of a cross. She continues with the arms and then with the participant’s entire body. She performs this in silence.
Linguistic aspect	-
EEG	Predominant gamma activity from 40 to 70 Hz in the right hemisphere.
Explanation	Part of Lupita’s gift remains a mystery. The object wrapped in that bandana is the “Gift”; it is what takes away the harm from her patients. No one but her can see it; she indicates that “he has the face of Huichil,” her protector.
Limpia with stone (2.39–3.03 min.)
Behavioral expressions	Lupita places the object with the bandana on the table and takes a transparent spherical stone, inside which other blue stones can be seen. She takes the stone with both hands while surrounding the participant’s neck. Lupita closes her eyes and remains silent. Then she rubs the participant’s chest and arms and places the stone in his hands, surrounded by his own. Both remain silent and with their eyes closed for a few seconds. Lupita picks up the stone from the participant’s hands and places it on the table; with her left hand, she holds the participant’s hands.
Linguistic aspect	-
EEG	Gamma activity with interference of activity associated with muscle movement.
Explanation	Each object used in the limpia fulfills a specific objective. Through the stone, Lupita observes what the person needs and gives them “light.”
Limpia with bell (3.04–3.39 min.)
Behavioral expressions	Lupita takes an object that looks like a small bell wrapped in a blue cloth. She rubs the participant’s hands with the object and holds them open. Then, she rubs the bell and rings it in the palms of the participant’s hands, head, neck, arms, belly, and legs. When finished, she places the bell on the table.
Linguistic aspect	-
EEG	Predominance of diffuse activity associated with movements, with gamma activity during the last seconds.
Explanation	The bell serves to restore positive energy in the participant.
Limpia with hands (3.40–4.09 min.)
Behavioral expressions	Lupita takes the spray bottle with the solution she had prepared. She instructs the participant to extend his hands and sprays solution on his and her own hands. She instructs the participant to rub his hands; they both do so. Lupita places her hands on the participant’s head; they both keep their eyes closed and remain silent. Lupita runs her hands along the participant’s body: arms, chest, belly, and legs. At the end, Lupita applauds and shakes her hands.
Linguistic aspect	-
EEG	Predominance of high amplitude gamma activity from 30 to 80 Hz.
Explanation	With her hands, she transmits positive energy to the participant.
Egg reading (4.10–7.10 min.)
Behavioral expressions	Lupita takes the egg that she had previously used with the participant. She looks at it carefully and talks about what she sees. At the end of the reading, Lupita gives the volunteer the egg to hold so that he can check the difference between a “charged” egg and a “normal” one.
Linguistic aspect	Before starting to read the egg, Lupita tells the participant to extend his hands and places the egg there. She tells the participant: “say for you, for me, and for what I want to know.” She also tells him to ask three questions about whatever he wants. Lupita stares at the egg in the volunteer’s hands, turns it, and observes the surface carefully. She gives answers to each of the questions.
EEG	Predominant gamma activity from 35 to 70 Hz.
Explanation	Lupita sees both what the participant needs, what he must do to heal, and, sometimes, what will happen to him. For the extraordinary to occur, it is necessary for the participant to have faith and trust that things can change, that some factor in life that distresses him can improve, and that he can be cured.
Conclusion (7.11–7.40 min.)
Behavioral expressions	After the participant leaves the room, Lupita puts her hand to her forehead and closes her eyes. She remains silent for a few seconds.
Linguistic aspect	Lupita dismisses the participant.
EEG	Beta activity.
Explanation	Lupita comes into contact with her protective entity through prayers. When someone has a severe illness, Lupita touches her forehead, since that is where these illnesses go; her forehead changes shape, feeling curved or concave.