Table 2.
Multiple linear regression analyses for socio-demographic and education predictors with HRQOL.
| Variable | Unadjusted | Adjusted Model 1 | Adjusted Model 2 | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| B | SE | 95% CI (LL, UL) | B | SE | 95% CI (LL, UL) | B | SE | 95% CI (LL, UL) | |
| Age (year) | −0.002 | 0.0002 | −0.002, −0.001 | −0.002 | 0.0003 | −0.002, −0.001 | −0.002 | 0.0003 | −0.002, −0.001 |
| Gender | |||||||||
| Male | 0.009 | 0.007 | −0.004, 0.022 | 0.006 | 0.007 | −0.008, 0.020 | 0.006 | 0.007 | −0.008, 0.020 |
| Female | Ref | Ref | Ref | ||||||
| Ethnicity | |||||||||
| Malaysia | −0.001 | 0.014 | −0.028, 0.027 | −0.007 | 0.014 | −0.035, 0.021 | −0.007 | 0.014 | −0.036, 0.021 |
| Chinese | −0.020 | 0.017 | −0.054, 0.014 | −0.005 | 0.018 | −0.039, 0.030 | −0.005 | 0.018 | −0.039, 0.030 |
| Indian | −0.001 | 0.017 | −0.035, 0.033 | 0.003 | 0.017 | −0.031, 0.037 | 0.002 | 0.017 | −0.032, 0.036 |
| Pribumi | −0.017 | 0.017 | 0.051, 0.018 | −0.023 | 0.017 | −0.056, 0.011 | −0.023 | 0.017 | −0.057, 0.011 |
| Others | Ref | Ref | Ref | ||||||
| Marital status | |||||||||
| Single | 0.025 | 0.023 | −0.020, 0.070 | −0.017 | 0.023 | −0.062, 0.029 | −0.017 | 0.023 | −0.062, 0.029 |
| Married | 0.009 | 0.022 | −0.034, 0.051 | −0.004 | 0.022 | −0.047, 0.039 | −0.005 | 0.022 | −0.047, 0.038 |
| Widowed | −0.029 | 0.023 | −0.074, 0.016 | −0.016 | 0.023 | −0.061, 0.029 | −0.017 | 0.023 | −0.061, 0.028 |
| Separated/divorced | Ref | Ref | Ref | ||||||
| Employment status | |||||||||
| Employed | 0.035 | 0.007 | 0.022, 0.048 | 0.008 | 0.007 | −0.006, 0.023 | 0.008 | 0.007 | −0.007, 0.022 |
| Unemployed | Ref | Ref | Ref | ||||||
| Education level | |||||||||
| Primary | 0.002 | 0.032 | −0.062, 0.065 | 0.008 | 0.032 | −0.055, 0.072 | 0.008 | 0.032 | −0.055, 0.072 |
| Secondary | 0.013 | 0.032 | −0.049, 0.074 | 0.012 | 0.031 | −0.049, 0.073 | 0.012 | 0.031 | −0.049, 0.073 |
| Pre-university | 0.043 | 0.030 | −0.016, 0.102 | 0.024 | 0.030 | −0.034, 0.083 | 0.024 | 0.030 | −0.034, 0.083 |
| University | 0.061 | 0.030 | 0.002, 0.121 | 0.022 | 0.031 | −0.038, 0.082 | 0.021 | 0.031 | −0.039, 0.081 |
| Others | Ref | Ref | Ref | ||||||
| Income | |||||||||
| Less than RM 2500 | −0.031 | 0.010 | −0.051, −0.012 | −0.014 | 0.011 | −0.034, 0.007 | −0.014 | 0.011 | −0.034, 0.007 |
| RM 2500–RM 3170 | −0.008 | 0.013 | −0.033, 0.017 | −0.004 | 0.012 | −0.028, 0.021 | −0.003 | 0.013 | −0.028, 0.021 |
| RM 3171–RM 3970 | −0.019 | 0.015 | −0.047, 0.010 | −0.013 | 0.014 | −0.041, 0.015 | −0.013 | 0.014 | −0.041, 0.015 |
| RM 3971–RM 4850 | Ref | Ref | Ref | ||||||
| Financial strain | |||||||||
| Not enough | −0.057 | 0.011 | −0.079, −0.036 | −0.046 | 0.011 | −0.068, −0.024 | −0.046 | 0.011 | −0.067, −0.024 |
| Enough for basic needs | −0.012 | 0.007 | −0.026, 0.002 | −0.007 | 0.007 | −0.021, 0.007 | −0.007 | 0.007 | −0.021, 0.007 |
| Enough to buy all the necessities | Ref | Ref | |||||||
| Have a skills certificate | |||||||||
| Ya | −0.005 | 0.011 | −0.027, 0.018 | 0.007 | 0.011 | −0.015, 0.029 | 0.007 | 0.011 | −0.015, 0.029 |
| Tidak | Ref | Ref | Ref | ||||||
| Attitude towards skills education | |||||||||
| Negative (<16) | −0.019 | 0.006 | −0.031, −0.007 | −0.013 | 0.006 | −0.025, −0.001 | −0.011 | 0.007 | −0.024, 0.002 |
| Positive (17–23) | Ref | Ref | Ref | ||||||
| Knowledge towards skills education | |||||||||
| Poor (<11) | −0.015 | 0.007 | −0.029, −0.001 | −0.007 | 0.008 | −0.022, 0.008 | |||
| Good (12–16) | Ref | Ref | |||||||
The bold values mean significant at p < 0.05.