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. 2024 Jan 13;63(3):881–891. doi: 10.1007/s00394-023-03318-2

Table 2.

Characteristics of the study sample according to alcohol consumption patterns

Alcohol consumption patterns
Binge drinking Beverage preference
N No Yes No preference Wine Beer Spirits
N 44,834 42,033 2801 6431 4158 5165 370
Sex
 Men 20,814 47.0 70.4 69.7 56.6 64.2 62.4
 Women 24,020 53.0 29.6 30.3 43.4 35.8 37.6
Age (years) 44,834

49.4

(19.1)

39.5

(14.7)

48.1

(15.8)

62.5

(16.8)

45.7

(13.2)

34.5

(15.0)

Country of birth
 Spain 40,592 85.7 86.5 88.7 90.6 87.5 86.5
 Other country 4242 14.3 13.5 11.3 9.4 12.5 13.5
Size of municipality (population)
 Rural (< 10,000) 10,172 20.6 20.5 21.5 26.9 17.3 21.1
 Urban (≥ 10,000) 34,662 79.4 79.5 78.5 73.1 82.7 78.9
Educational level
 Primary or less 13,408 25.7 22.7 15.0 34.7 13.8 12.7
 1st Stage Secondary 10,786 25.6 37.3 22.9 17.0 25.6 37.4
 2nd Stage Secondary 12,237 29.5 26.8 34.3 26.1 35.8 33.9
 University/College 8403 19.2 13.2 27.8 22.2 24.8 16.0
BMI (kg/m2)
 Underweight 877 2.3 2.2 1.3 1.4 1.6 3.1
 Normal weight 18,148 42.8 47.3 40.8 36.6 44.7 51.7
 Overweight 16,399 35.2 35.2 41.1 41.5 38.6 29.0
 Obesity 7246 15.7 14.2 15.6 17.3 13.3 11.6
 No response 2164 4.0 1.1 1.2 3.2 1.8 4.6
Tobacco consumption
 Non Smoker 23,580 54.7 34.9 36.2 44.2 35.8 40.2
 Former smoker 11,277 23.6 21.7 31.4 40.0 28.6 17.2
 Smoker 1–14 cigs/day 6535 14.7 28.7 21.7 10.9 21.6 29.6
 Smoker > 14 cigs/day 3442 7.0 14.7 10.7 4.9 14.0 13.0
Leisure time sedentarism
 No 27,913 62.5 68.1 72.6 69.4 66.0 69.7
 Yes 16,921 37.5 31.9 27.4 30.6 34.0 30.3
Perceived health status
 Very good 8871 23.0 31.2 23.7 15.0 26.4 33.3
 Good 21,840 49.3 51.6 57.8 52.2 56.3 51.9
 Neither good nor poor 10,051 19.7 13.3 14.8 24.5 14.0 13.0
 Poor 3190 6.2 3.0 3.0 6.7 2.6 1.3
 Very poor 882 1.8 0.9 0.7 1.6 0.7 0.5
Survey year
 2017 22,954 49.0 56.7 49.4 52.5 50.1 55.6
 2020 21,880 51.0 43.3 50.6 47.5 49.9 44.4
Adherence to Mediterranean diet
 Noa 33,581 75.8 82.9 79.5 68.6 82.2 89.9
 Yes 11,253 24.2 17.1 20.5 31.4 17.8 10.1

The values presented here are percentages and weighted averages with their corresponding standard deviation in parentheses. The “N” are unweighted values

aScore < 7 points in the adapted MEDAS index (0–10 points)