Table 2.

Characteristics of gut microbiota in pregnant women with other diseases.

Number	Country	Reference	Period	Size		Result
				Case group	Control group
1	Norway	Stanislawski et al., 2017	2017	116	–	The most important taxa among women with excess gestational weight gain (GWG) included Methanobrevibacter, Bifidobacterium, and Bacteroides, as well as seven OTUs of the order Clostridiales. There were three OTUs,include Blautia, SMB53, Methanobrevibacter, that were significantly higher among women with excess GWG.
2	China	Huang et al., 2021	2021	51	49	Pregnant women with preeclampsia had significantly lower abundance of Prevotella, Porphyromonas, Varibaculum, and Lactobacillus compared to those without this complication. The abundance of Prevotella, Porphyromonas, Lactobacillus, Mobiluncus, Campylobacter and Peptostreptococcus were decreased significantly in the pregnant women with abnormal placental growth
3	China	Liu et al., 2017	2016	26	74	In preeclampsia patients, there was an overall increase in pathogenic bacteria, Clostridium perfringens and Bulleidia moorei,but a reduction in probiotic bacteria Coprococcus catus
4	China	Tu et al., 2022	2022	14	18	At phylum level, Firmicutes was more abundant in the Fetal growth restriction(FGR) group than in the control group. At genus level, Bacteroides, Faecalibacterium, Lachnospira (all belong to Lachnospiraceae family) were highly abundant in the FGR group as compared to the control group.
5	Brazil	Cortez et al., 2019	2019	26	42	The GDM patients presented a significantly higher abundance of the genera Bacteroides, Veillonella, Klebsiella, Escherichia-Shigella, Enterococcus, and Enterobacter.There is an increase in Firmicutes and a decrease in Bacteroides in GDM patients, as well as an increase in Firmicutes/Bacteroides (F/B ratio) in late pregnancy.
6	Thailand	Sililas et al., 2021	2021	49	39	There is a reduction in Lactobacillales from the time of GDM diagnosis to the time before delivery (≥37 weeks gestation). F/B ratio was found higher in GDM mother, when compared to their non-GDM counterparts, at the time before delivery. However, these alterations were not observed in meconium and the first feces of their newborn.
7	Finland	Collado et al., 2008	2008	18	36	Bacteroides and Staphylococcus were significantly higher in the overweight state than in normal-weight women. Mother’s weight and BMI before pregnancy correlated with higher concentrations of Bacteroides, Clostridium, and Staphylococcus. Microbial counts increased from the first to third trimester of pregnancy. High Bacteroides concentrations were associated with excessive weight gain over pregnancy.
8	Spain	Santacruz et al., 2010	2010	16	34	Reduced numbers of Bifidobacterium and Bacteroides and increased numbers of Staphylococcus, Enterobacteriaceae and Escherichia coli were detected in overweight compared with normal-weight pregnant women. E. coli numbers were higher in women with excessive weight gain than in women with normal weight gain during pregnancy, while Bifidobacterium and Akkermansia muciniphila showed an opposite trend.