Table 3.

Performance of predicting lifetime history of MDD.

	No. of subjects (no. of MDD subjects)	No. of features	F1-score	Sensitivity	Specificity	PPV	NPV
Single modality of digital features
Subjective happiness levela	81 (40)	1	0.73	0.83	0.59	0.66	0.77
Actigraphyb	74 (36)	17	0.71	0.78	0.61	0.65	0.74
Facial expressionb	75 (37)	5	0.69	0.86	0.37	0.57	0.74
Voiceb	69 (33)	4	0.77	0.88	0.64	0.69	0.85
NLPb	70 (34)	2	0.75	0.85	0.61	0.67	0.81
All digital modalitiesb	60 (29)	29	0.81	0.86	0.74	0.76	0.85
All digital modalities + HADS-Db	56 (26)	30	0.77	0.85	0.70	0.71	0.84
HADS-Da	76 (36)	1	0.76	0.75	0.80	0.77	0.78

NLP natural language processing, HADS-D Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale—Depression subscale.

^aCutpoint optimization for continuous one-dimensional feature.

^bArtifical Neural Networks.