Table 1. Baseline characteristics of 504 prostate cancer patients.
| Characteristic | Frequency distribution | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Overall (n=504) | Hong Kong (n=261) | China (n=112) | Taiwan (n=75) | Malaysia (n=56) | |||
| At diagnosis | |||||||
| Age (y) | 71 (66–77) | 73 (68–78) | 67 (63–73.75) | 72 (68–80) | 71 (67–78) | ||
| Unknown | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||
| ECOG status | |||||||
| 0 | 325 (66.5) | 188 (72.6) | 36 (35.0) | 67 (89.3) | 34 (65.4) | ||
| 1 | 143 (29.2) | 61 (23.6) | 65 (63.1) | 5 (6.7) | 12 (23.1) | ||
| 2 | 17 (3.5) | 8 (3.1) | 2 (1.9) | 2 (2.7) | 5 (9.6) | ||
| 3–4 | 4 (0.8) | 2 (0.8) | 0 (0) | 1 (1.3) | 1 (1.9) | ||
| Unknown | 15 | 2 | 9 | 0 | 4 | ||
| Comorbidity count | |||||||
| 0 | 114 (22.6) | 16 (6.1) | 72 (64.3) | 16 (21.3) | 10 (17.9) | ||
| 1 | 86 (17.1) | 21 (8.0) | 24 (21.4) | 24 (32.0) | 17 (30.4) | ||
| 2 | 78 (15.5) | 36 (13.8) | 14 (12.5) | 16 (21.3) | 12 (21.4) | ||
| ≥3 | 226 (44.8) | 188 (72.0) | 2 (1.8) | 19 (25.3) | 17 (30.4) | ||
| Gleason score | |||||||
| ≤6 | 37 (7.9) | 20 (8.1) | 8 (8.3) | 5 (6.7) | 4 (8.2) | ||
| 7 | 78 (16.7) | 34 (13.8) | 9 (9.4) | 24 (32.0) | 11 (22.4) | ||
| ≥8 | 352 (75.4) | 193 (78.1) | 79 (82.3) | 46 (61.3) | 34 (69.4) | ||
| Unknown | 37 | 14 | 16 | 0 | 7 | ||
| Presence of metastases (M1) | |||||||
| No | 221 (47.1) | 113 (45.2) | 42 (42.4) | 44 (67.7) | 22 (40.0) | ||
| Yes | 248 (52.9) | 137 (54.8) | 57 (57.6) | 21 (32.3) | 33 (60.0) | ||
| Unknown | 35 | 11 | 13 | 10 | 1 | ||
| UICC staging system | |||||||
| Stage I | 40 (8.4) | 25 (9.7) | 3 (3.3) | 9 (12.5) | 3 (5.6) | ||
| Stage II | 56 (11.8) | 31 (12.0) | 5 (5.6) | 16 (22.2) | 4 (7.4) | ||
| Stage III | 78 (16.4) | 37 (14.3) | 10 (11.1) | 21 (29.2) | 10 (18.5) | ||
| Stage IV | 301 (63.4) | 166 (64.1) | 72 (80.0) | 26 (36.1) | 37 (68.5) | ||
| Unknown | 29 | 2 | 22 | 3 | 2 | ||
| At ADT initiation | |||||||
| PSA (ng/mL) | 58.6 (18.9–188.0) | 96.9 (28.5–293.0) | 36.5 (16.5–83.7) | 26.8 (8.3–60.3) | 97.7 (15.9–526.7) | ||
| Unknown | 3 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | ||
| Primary local treatment | |||||||
| Radical prostatectomy (RP) | 35 (6.9) | 4 (1.5) | 24 (21.4) | 7 (9.3) | 0 (0.0) | ||
| Radiotherapy (RT) | 9 (1.8) | 2 (0.8) | 0 (0.0) | 5 (6.7) | 2 (3.6) | ||
| RP+RT | 5 (1.0) | 2 (0.8) | 0 (0.0) | 3 (4.0) | 0 (0.0) | ||
| None | 455 (90.3) | 253 (96.9) | 88 (78.6) | 60 (80.0) | 54 (96.4) | ||
| Primary ADT | 455 | 253 | 88 | 60 | 54 | ||
| LHRH agonist | 227 (49.9) | 145 (57.3) | 4 (4.5) | 44 (73.3) | 34 (63.0) | ||
| LHRH antagonist | 68 (14.9) | 56 (22.1) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (1.7) | 11 (20.4) | ||
| Orchidectomy | 24 (5.3) | 20 (7.9) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 4 (7.4) | ||
| LHRH agonist+AA (MAB) | 63 (13.8) | 5 (2.0) | 50 (56.8) | 7 (11.7) | 1 (1.9) | ||
| Orchidectomy+AA (MAB) | 2 (0.4) | 1 (0.4) | 1 (1.1) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | ||
| Chemohormonal therapy | 49 (10.8) | 17 (6.7) | 24 (27.3) | 4 (6.7) | 4 (7.4) | ||
| ARPI+ADT | 15 (3.3) | 9 (3.6) | 2 (2.3) | 4 (6.7) | 0 (0.0) | ||
| AA monotherapy | 5 (1.1) | 0 (0.0) | 5 (2.7) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | ||
| Others | 2 (0.4) | 0 (0.0) | 2 (2.3) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | ||
Values are presented as median (interquartile range) or number (%).
AA: anti-androgen, ADT: androgen deprivation therapy, ARPI: androgen receptor pathway inhibitor, ECOG: Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group, LHRH: luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone, MAB: maximum androgen blockade, PSA: prostate specific antigen, UICC: Union for International Cancer Control.