Fig. 2. (A, B) Forest plot: to explore of the effect of CKD on testosterone in different subgroups. The two plots focus on CKD with different specific factors. Plot (A) examines the impact of race, education, smoking, HBP, marital status, waist circumference, and HDL cholesterol. On the other hand, Plot (B) focuses on sex, age, BMI, total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, DM, and alcohol status. ^*The population and β values (95% CI) of the summary are the sum of plots (A) and (B). N: quantity, CKD: chronic kidney disease, CI: confidence interval, HDL: high-density lipoprotein, HBP: high blood pressure, BMI: body mass index, LDL: low-density lipoprotein, DM: diabetes mellitus.