Fig. 7. Regulation of glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3) in human spermatozoa. In human spermatozoa, inhibitory phosphorylation of GSK3α is tightly regulated by Ca2+, protein phosphatase-1 (PP1), PKA, and Akt, leading to capacitation and motility activation. Small-molecule inhibitors of GSK3 and PP1 can be considered as a potential therapeutic drug for treatment of low sperm motility in human.
