Table 4. Enablers and barriers to research.
| Characteristic | Total sample (n=184) | Professional background | Sex | Years in practice | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Clinical (n=97) | Non-clinical (n=87) | p-value | Male (n=126) | Female (n=58) | p-value | ≤5 (n=75) | >5 (n=109) | p-value | |||
| Enablers | 0.5 | 0.9 | 0.3 | ||||||||
| Career advancement | 115 (11.8) | 58 (11.2) | 57 (12.4) | 70 (10.9) | 45 (13.6) | 51 (11.7) | 64 (11.9) | ||||
| Colleagues doing research | 31 (3.18) | 19 (3.68) | 12 (2.62) | 23 (3.58) | 8 (2.41) | 15 (3.45) | 16 (2.96) | ||||
| Desire to prove a theory or hunch | 44 (4.51) | 24 (4.64) | 20 (4.37) | 28 (4.35) | 16 (4.82) | 17 (3.91) | 27 (5) | ||||
| Forms part of postgraduate study | 32 (3.28) | 23 (4.45) | 9 (1.97) | 20 (3.11) | 12 (3.61) | 20 (4.6) | 12 (2.22) | ||||
| Am faced with problem that needs research to change | 31 (3.18) | 17 (3.29) | 14 (3.06) | 23 (3.58) | 8 (2.41) | 12 (2.76) | 19 (3.52) | ||||
| Links to universities | 57 (5.85) | 30 (5.8) | 27 (5.9) | 41 (6.38) | 16 (4.82) | 30 (6.9) | 27 (5) | ||||
| Research encouraged by managers | 26 (2.67) | 16 (3.09) | 10 (2.18) | 16 (2.49) | 10 (3.01) | 13 (2.99) | 13 (2.41) | ||||
| Research written into role description | 42 (4.31) | 26 (5.03) | 16 (3.49) | 29 (4.51) | 13 (3.92) | 17 (3.91) | 25 (4.63) | ||||
| Study or research scholarships | 50 (5.13) | 25 (4.84) | 25 (5.46) | 35 (5.44) | 15 (4.52) | 30 (6.9) | 20 (3.7) | ||||
| To be able to apply for research funds and grants | 63 (6.46) | 26 (5.03) | 37 (8.08) | 37 (5.75) | 26 (7.83) | 28 (6.44) | 35 (6.48) | ||||
| To develop new skills | 124 (12.7) | 61 (11.8) | 63 (13.8) | 77 (12) | 47 (14.2) | 58 (13.3) | 66 (12.2) | ||||
| To develop research skills | 143 (14.7) | 77 (14.9) | 66 (14.4) | 98 (15.2) | 45 (13.6) | 61 (14) | 82 (15.2) | ||||
| To increase my h-index | 70 (7.18) | 38 (7.35) | 32 (6.99) | 48 (7.47) | 22 (6.63) | 26 (5.98) | 44 (8.15) | ||||
| To publish scientific papers | 144 (14.8) | 76 (14.7) | 68 (14.8) | 96 (14.9) | 48 (14.5) | 56 (12.9) | 88 (16.3) | ||||
| Others | 3 (0.31) | 1 (0.19) | 2 (0.44) | 2 (0.31) | 1 (0.3) | 1 (0.23) | 2 (0.37) | ||||
| Total number of enablers | 5.9±2.71 | 5.33±2.97 | 5.26±2.51 | 0.9 | 5.12±2.74 | 5.72±2.78 | 0.2 | 5.8±2.89 | 4.95±2.62 | 0.04* | |
| Range of enablers | 0.3 | 0.2 | 0.04* | ||||||||
| <3 | 53 (28.8) | 32 (33) | 21 (24.1) | 41 (32.5) | 12 (20.7) | 14 (18.7) | 39 (35.8) | ||||
| 4–6 | 86 (46.7) | 41 (42.3) | 45 (51.7) | 55 (43.7) | 31 (53.4) | 41 (54.7) | 45 (41.3) | ||||
| >6 | 45 (24.5) | 24 (24.7) | 21 (24.1) | 30 (23.8) | 15 (25.9) | 20 (26.7) | 25 (22.9) | ||||
| Barriers | 0.8 | 0.2 | 0.005* | ||||||||
| Don’t appreciate the role of research | 3 (0.43) | 2 (0.53) | 1 (0.3) | 3 (0.63) | 0 (0) | 2 (0.63) | 1 (0.26) | ||||
| Intimidated by fear of getting it wrong | 23 (3.27) | 13 (3.48) | 10 (3.04) | 15 (3.16) | 8 (3.51) | 12 (3.79) | 11 (2.85) | ||||
| Intimidated by research language | 14 (1.99) | 8 (2.14) | 6 (1.82) | 8 (1.68) | 6 (2.63) | 8 (2.52) | 6 (1.55) | ||||
| Lack of a coordinated approach to research | 60 (8.53) | 32 (8.56) | 28 (8.51) | 39 (8.21) | 21 (9.21) | 32 (10.1) | 28 (7.25) | ||||
| Lack of administrative support | 59 (8.39) | 30 (8.02) | 29 (8.81) | 35 (7.37) | 24 (10.5) | 28 (8.83) | 31 (8.03) | ||||
| Lack of funds for research | 101 (14.4) | 47 (12.6) | 54 (16.4) | 66 (13.9) | 35 (15.4) | 45 (14.2) | 56 (14.5) | ||||
| Lack of library/internet access | 27 (3.84) | 12 (3.21) | 15 (4.56) | 14 (2.95) | 13 (5.7) | 16 (5.05) | 11 (2.85) | ||||
| Lack of skills for research | 66 (9.39) | 34 (9.09) | 32 (9.73) | 48 (10.1) | 18 (7.89) | 34 (10.7) | 32 (8.29) | ||||
| Lack of time for research | 83 (11.8) | 50 (13.4) | 33 (10) | 64 (13.5) | 19 (8.33) | 26 (8.2) | 57 (14.8) | ||||
| Lack of training in research | 87 (12.4) | 46 (12.3) | 41 (12.5) | 56 (11.8) | 31 (13.6) | 43 (13.6) | 44 (11.4) | ||||
| Lack of training on software for research | 83 (11.8) | 50 (13.4) | 33 (10) | 60 (12.6) | 23 (10.1) | 42 (13.2) | 41 (10.6) | ||||
| Other personal commitments | 27 (3.84) | 16 (4.28) | 11 (3.34) | 22 (4.63) | 5 (2.19) | 6 (1.89) | 21 (5.44) | ||||
| Other work roles take priority | 63 (8.96) | 32 (8.56) | 31 (9.42) | 42 (8.84) | 21 (9.21) | 18 (5.68) | 45 (11.7) | ||||
| Others | 7 (1) | 2 (0.53) | 5 (1.52) | 3 (0.63) | 4 (1.75) | 5 (1.58) | 2 (0.52) | ||||
| Total number of barriers | 3.82±2.05 | 3.86±2.03 | 3.78±2.09 | 0.8 | 3.77±2.05 | 3.93±2.06 | 0.6 | 4.23±2.16 | 3.54±1.93 | 0.03* | |
| Range of barriers | 0.6 | 0.4 | 0.1 | ||||||||
| ≤3 | 89 (48.4) | 50 (51.5) | 39 (44.8) | 65 (51.6) | 24 (41.4) | 31 (41.3) | 58 (53.2) | ||||
| 4–6 | 75 (40.8) | 36 (37.1) | 39 (44.8) | 48 (38.1) | 27 (46.6) | 32 (42.7) | 43 (39.4) | ||||
| >6 | 20 (10.9) | 11 (11.3) | 9 (10.3) | 13 (10.3) | 7 (12.1) | 12 (16) | 8 (7.34) | ||||
Values are presented as number (%) or mean±standard deviation.
*Indicate statistical significance.