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. 2023 Aug 9;42(2):394–407. doi: 10.5534/wjmh.230084

Table 7. Changes in pre- and post-quiz by webinar session and selected participant characteristics.

Knowledge domain Knowledge level
Professional background Sex Experience (y) Practice Formal research training
Clinical (n=78) Non-clinical (n=69) p-value Male (n=102) Female (n=45) p-value ≤5 (n=66) >5 (n=81) p-value Public (n=95) Private (n=52) p-value Yes (n=73) No (n=64) p-value
Study designa
Total pre-test 7.41 (2.42) 6.78 (2.29) 0.110 7.38 (2.30) 6.51 (2.46) 0.040* 6.58 (2.28) 7.56 (2.37) 0.012* 7.26 (2.36) 6.85 (2.40) 0.310 7.37 (2.38) 7.06 (2.27) 0.443
Total post-test 11.68 (2.68) 11.35 (2.72) 0.458 11.79 (2.40) 10.91 (3.21) 0.103 11.11 (3.27) 11.86 (2.07) 0.105 11.56 (2.71) 11.46 (2.70) 0.836 11.58 (2.35) 11.56 (2.92) 0.977
p-value <0.0001* <0.0001* <0.0001* <0.0001* <0.0001* <0.0001* <0.0001* <0.0001* <0.0001* <0.0001*
SR/MAb
Total pre-test 6.96 (2.53) 6.26 (2.72) 0.107 6.80 (2.58) 6.24 (2.72) 0.236 6.62 (2.45) 6.64 (2.79) 0.962 6.65 (2.82) 6.60 (2.28) 0.895 6.96 (2.70) 6.31 (2.30) 0.136
Total post-test 10.10 (2.31) 9.72 (2.68) 0.360 10.07 (2.30) 9.60 (2.87) 0.469 9.59 (2.90) 10.20 (2.08) 0.156 9.82 (2.58) 10.12 (2.32) 0.495 10.12 (2.39) 9.84 (2.41) 0.280
p-value <0.0001* <0.0001* <0.0001* <0.0001* <0.0001* <0.0001* <0.0001* <0.0001* <0.0001* <0.0001*
All questionsc
Total pre-test 14.24 (4.39) 13.04 (4.16) 0.092 14.09 (4.29) 12.76 (4.25) 0.084 13.03 (4.16) 14.21 (4.38) 0.099 13.81 (4.62) 13.44 (3.70) 0.622 14.34 (4.26) 13.20 (4.11) 0.115
Total post-test 21.79 (4.50) 21.09 (4.92) 0.364 21.87 (4.24) 20.53 (5.53) 0.153 20.73 (5.77) 22.06 (3.53) 0.103 21.39 (4.85) 21.60 (4.44) 0.800 21.70 (4.40) 21.42 (4.70) 0.722
p-value <0.0001* <0.0001* <0.0001* <0.0001* <0.0001* <0.0001* <0.0001* <0.0001* <0.0001* <0.0001*

Values are presented as mean (standard deviation).

SR: systematic review, MA: meta-analysis.

aComprised 14 questions, bcomprised 13 questions, ccomprised all 27 questions.

*Indicate statistical significance.