Table. Clinical and Sociodemographic Characteristics of the Studya.
| Characteristic | Swedish discovery sample (n = 20 000) | Swedish validation sample (n = 4052) | Finnish validation sample (n = 1490) | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Died within 2 y (n = 350) | Survived (n = 19 650) | t/χ2/z | P value | Died within 2 y (n = 68) | Survived (n = 3984) | t/χ2/z | P value | Died within 2 y (n = 31) | Survived (n = 1459) | t/χ2/z | P value | |
| Age, mean (SD), y | 31.2 (7.92) | 29.0 (8.10) | t = 5.19 | <.001 | 30.7 (7.40) | 29.0 (8.10) | t = 1.8 | .07 | 29.50 (8.61) | 29.70 (7.97) | t = −0.08 | .93 |
| Sex | ||||||||||||
| Male | 269 (76.9) | 12 168 (61.9) | χ2 = 31.98 | <.001 | 51 (75.0) | 2440 (61.2) | χ2 = 4.78 | .03 | 26 (83.9) | 893 (61.2) | χ2 = 5.67 | .02 |
| Female | 81 (23.1) | 7482 (38.1) | 17 (25.0) | 1544 (38.8) | 5 (16.1) | 566 (38.8) | ||||||
| Education, yb | ||||||||||||
| Elementary, ≤9 | 126 (36.0) | 6037 (30.7) | χ2 = 9.83 | .007 | 23 (33.8) | 1236 (31.0) | χ2 = 3.51 | .17 | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| High school, 10-12 | 157 (44.9) | 7578 (38.6) | 34 (50.0) | 1456 (36.5) | NA | NA | ||||||
| University or college, >12 | 51 (14.6) | 3949 (20.1) | 10 (14.7) | 836 (21.0) | NA | NA | ||||||
| Any employment (in year before FEP) | 129 (36.9) | 6690 (34.1) | χ2 = 1.09 | .30 | 20 (29.4) | 1346 (33.8) | χ2 = 0.39 | .53 | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Receiving disability pension at baseline | 60 (17.1) | 2417 (12.3) | χ2 = 6.99 | .008 | 9 (13.2) | 498 (12.5) | χ2 = 0 | >.99 | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| On sick leave at baseline | 19 (5.5) | 1504 (7.7) | χ2 = 2.11 | .15 | <5 | 301 (7.6) | z = 0.23 | .76 | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Duration of first hospitalization, median (range), | 5 (1-95) | 2 (0-100) | z = 5.03 | <.001 | 3 (0-87) | 2 (0-100) | z = 1.04 | .30 | 38 (1-95) | 45 (0-100) | z = −1.67 | .09 |
| Place of FEP diagnosis | ||||||||||||
| Inpatient care | 163 (46.6) | 7138 (36.3) | χ2 = 15.14 | <.001 | 31 (45.6) | 1454 (36.5) | χ2 = 2.01 | .16 | 31 (100) | 1459 (100) | χ2 = 0 | >.99 |
| Outpatient care | 187 (53.4) | 12 512 (63.7) | 37 (54.4) | 2530 (63.5) | 0 | 0 | ||||||
| FEP diagnosis, ICD-10 code | ||||||||||||
| Schizophrenia, F20 | 18 (5.1) | 1144 (5.8) | χ2 = 6.78 | .24 | 6 (8.8) | 234 (5.9) | z = 0.68 | .49 | 25 (80.7) | 1200 (82.3) | χ2 < 0.001 | >.99 |
| Delusional disorder, F22 | 30 (8.6) | 1968 (10.0) | <5 | 410 (10.3) | 0 | 0 | ||||||
| Brief psychotic disorder, F23 | 150 (42.9) | 7224 (36.8) | 24 (35.3) | 1423 (35.7) | ||||||||
| Schizoaffective disorder, F25 | 5 (1.4) | 440 (2.2) | 0 | 92 (2.3) | 6 (19.4) | 259 (17.8) | ||||||
| Unspecified psychosis, F29 | 138 (39.4) | 8179 (41.6) | 33 (48.5) | 1687 (42.3) | 0 | 0 | ||||||
| Other psychotic disorder | 9 (2.6) | 695 (3.5) | <5 | 138 (3.5) | 0 | 0 | ||||||
| Substance use comorbidities (within year before FEP) | ||||||||||||
| Alcohol related | 35 (10.0) | 819 (4.2) | χ2 = 27.20 | <.001 | 7 (10.3) | 155 (3.9) | χ2 = 5.57 | .02 | <5 | 73 (5.0) | z = 0.43 | .67 |
| Opioid related | 27 (7.7) | 331 (1.7) | χ2 = 67.73 | <.001 | 5 (7.4) | 56 (1.4) | χ2 = 12.19 | <.001 | 0 | 18 (1.2) | z < 0.001 | >.99 |
| Cannabis related | 14 (4.0) | 700 (3.6) | χ2 = 0.09 | .77 | <5 | 125 (3.1) | z < 0.001 | >.99 | 0 | 15 (1.0) | z < 0.001 | >.99 |
| Stimulant related | 23 (6.6) | 359 (1.8) | χ2 = 38.82 | <.001 | <5 | 66 (1.7) | z = 1.61 | .11 | <5 | 21 (1.4) | z = 1.75 | .08 |
| Multiple drug use | 78 (22.3) | 1367 (7.0) | χ2 = 118.27 | <.001 | 17 (25.0) | 238 (6.0) | χ2 = 37.88 | <.001 | <5 | 29 (2.0) | z = 1.50 | .13 |
Abbreviations: FEP, first-episode psychosis; ICD-10, International Statistical Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision; NA, not available.
a
Unless indicated otherwise, values are presented as No. (%) of patients.
b
Information missing for some individuals.