Table 2.
Univariate analyses of factors associated with stigma (N=104).
| Variable and category | Mean (SD) | F test (df) | t test (df) | P value | |
| Age (years) | 1.58 (3) | —a | .20 | ||
|
|
18-25 | 25.74 (9.93) |
|
|
|
|
|
25-30 | 21.14 (8.46) |
|
|
|
|
|
30-35 | 22.24 (8.30) |
|
|
|
|
|
>35 | 23.50 (12.06) |
|
|
|
| Role | — | 0.32 (102) | .75 | ||
|
|
Father | 23.28 (9.62) |
|
|
|
|
|
Mother | 22.69 (8.96) |
|
|
|
| Education background | 3.62 (4) | — | <.001 | ||
|
|
Primary school or lower | 22.50 (9.89) |
|
|
|
|
|
Junior high school | 24.52 (8.94) |
|
|
|
|
|
Senior high school | 24.21 (9.34) |
|
|
|
|
|
College | 16.14 (2.73) |
|
|
|
|
|
Bachelor’s degree or higher | 13.43 (1.81) |
|
|
|
| Working status | — | 2.02 (102) | .06 | ||
|
|
Unemployed | 24.00 (8.84) |
|
|
|
|
|
Working | 20.23 (9.56) |
|
|
|
| Occupation | 1.36 (3) | — | .26 | ||
|
|
Unemployed | 24.00 (8.84) |
|
|
|
|
|
Independent management | 19.43 (8.49) |
|
|
|
|
|
Enterprise unit | 21.89 (10.95) |
|
|
|
|
|
Public service unit | 19.71 (10.95) |
|
|
|
| Children’s sex | — | 0.83 (102) | .41 | ||
|
|
Male | 23.55 (9.47) |
|
|
|
|
|
Female | 22.05 (8.78) |
|
|
|
| Condition type | — | 0.34 (102) | .74 | ||
|
|
Cleft lip | 23.33 (8.91) |
|
|
|
|
|
Cleft lip and palate | 22.69 (9.36) |
|
|
|
| Number of surgeries | 2.94 (3) | — | .04 | ||
|
|
0 | 24.34 (9.49) |
|
|
|
|
|
1 | 17.57 (7.28) |
|
|
|
|
|
2 | 18.95 (7.28) |
|
|
|
|
|
≥3 | 26.00 (7.07) |
|
|
|
| Status of surgery | — | 2.50 (102) | .01 | ||
|
|
Before surgery | 24.34 (9.49) |
|
|
|
|
|
After surgery | 19.55 (7.47) |
|
|
|
aNot applicable.