Table 2. Prevalence of Major Congenital Malformations (MCMs) in Offspring Exposed Prenatally to Monotherapy With 1 of 8 Different Antiseizure Medications (ASMs)a.
| ASM treatment (dose range, mg/d) | No. | Prevalence of MCMs (95% CI), % | Dose- dependency P value |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Exposed pregnancies | Pregnancies with MCMs | |||
| Carbamazepine (25-2400) | 2255 | 121 | 5.4 (4.5-6.4) | NA |
| Lamotrigine (5-1300) | 3584 | 110 | 3.1 (2.5-3.7) | |
| Levetiracetam (80-5000) | 1325 | 33 | 2.5 (1.8-3.5) | |
| Oxcarbazepine (75-4500) | 443 | 13 | 2.9 (1.7-5.0) | |
| Phenobarbital (15-300) | 338 | 21 | 6.2 (4.1-9.3) | |
| Phenytoin (30-730) | 142 | 9 | 6.3 (3.4-11.6) | |
| Topiramate (25-600) | 204 | 10 | 4.9 (2.7-8.8) | |
| Valproate (100-3000) | 1549 | 153 | 9.9 (8.5-11.5) | |
| Phenobarbital (≤60) | 76 | 2 | 2.6 (0.3-9.2) | .047 |
| Phenobarbital (>60-≤130) | 197 | 12 | 6.1 (3.2-10.4) | |
| Phenobarbital (>130) | 65 | 7 | 10.8 (4.4-20.9) | |
| Carbamazepine (≤700) | 1506 | 70 | 4.6 (3.6-5.8) | .008 |
| Carbamazepine (>700 -≤1000) | 541 | 32 | 5.9 (4.1-8.2) | |
| Carbamazepine (>1000) | 208 | 19 | 9.1 (5.6-13.9) | |
| Valproate (≤650) | 715 | 43 | 6.0 (4.4-8.0) | <.001 |
| Valproate (>650-≤1450) | 711 | 79 | 11.1 (8.9-13.6) | |
| Valproate (>1450) | 123 | 31 | 25.2 (17.8-33.8) | |
a
Prevalence at different dose ranges is given for ASMs where a dose dependency was identified.