Figure 2.

Change in age-standardised DALYs, 1990–2021, and female-to-male ratios in 2021 for each condition

(A) Percentage change from 1990 to 2021 overall and for individual conditions. Colours range from dark blue (largest decrease in age-standardised DALYs) to bright red (largest increases). Cognitive impairment due to COVID-19 and congenital Zika virus disease are not included because they were not documented until after 1990. (B) Female-to-male ratio in 2021, where values higher than 1 indicate higher levels in females (log scale). Colours range from blue (smaller female-to-male ratios) to red (larger female-to-male ratios). Throughout the figure, dementia represents Alzheimer's disease and other dementias. DALYs=disability-adjusted life-years. *Percentage change and female-to-male ratios are isolated to disease DALYs due to neurological complications as opposed to DALYs attributed to the entire condition.