Table 2.
Global DALYs, YLDs, YLLs, prevalence, and deaths per 100 000 people and age-standardised rates by neurological disorder category, 1990–2021
|
Counts (thousands) |
Age-standardised rate (per 100 000 people) |
||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2021 | Percentage change, 1990–2021 | 2021 | Percentage change, 1990–2021 | Females | Males | Female-to-male ratio | |
| All neurological conditions | |||||||
| DALYs | 443 000 (378 000 to 521 000) | 18·2% (8·7 to 26·7) | 5637·6 (4829·7 to 6587·9) | −27·0% (−32·4 to −21·5) | 5185·8 (4281·2 to 6262·9) | 6101·0 (5320·2 to 6982·7) | 0·85 (0·78 to 0·93) |
| YLDs | 168 000 (114 000 to 243 000) | 85·6% (75·8 to 98·0) | 2064·1 (1390·0 to 2983·1) | 11·2% (7·2 to 16·3) | 2078·2 (1301·3 to 3133·1) | 2043·6 (1439·2 to 2832·7) | 1·01 (0·88 to 1·14) |
| YLLs | 275 000 (247 000 to 316 000) | −3·1% (−11·8 to 7·7) | 3573·3 (3190·9 to 4134·3) | −39·0% (−44·3 to −33·2) | 3107·4 (2755·1 to 3604·8) | 4057·2 (3574·4 to 4576·6) | 0·77 (0·71 to 0·84) |
| Prevalence | 3 400 000 (3 200 000 to 3 620 000) | 58·8% (56·3 to 61·5) | 41 204·1 (38 654·3 to 43 869·9) | 1·5% (0·7 to 2·4) | 43 458·5 (40 796·2 to 46 078·7) | 38 949·0 (36 503·4 to 41 604·7) | 1·12 (1·10 to 1·14) |
| Deaths | 11 100 (9750 to 13 800) | 41·2% (28·1 to 58·8) | 139·0 (121·3 to 173·3) | −33·6% (−38·8 to −27·6) | 125·0 (105·1 to 161·2) | 154·6 (136·0 to 186·7) | 0·81 (0·73 to 0·90) |
| Alzheimer's disease and other dementias | |||||||
| DALYs | 36 300 (17 200 to 77 400) | 168·7% (156·3 to 179·9) | 450·9 (212·9 to 956·8) | 1·7% (−2·8 to 5·1) | 504·8 (241·5 to 1062·7) | 372·4 (170·8 to 806·4) | 1·37 (1·26 to 1·46) |
| YLDs | 11 600 (7960 to 15 300) | 162·7% (157·0 to 168·0) | 141·9 (97·7 to 187·2) | 2·6% (1·1 to 3·6) | 161·9 (110·7 to 214·8) | 114·4 (78·5 to 151·2) | 1·42 (1·33 to 1·49) |
| YLLs | 24 700 (6370 to 65 700) | 173·4% (153·2 to 192·5) | 308·9 (78·9 to 789·0) | 1·4% (−4·1 to 7·4) | 342·9 (89·2 to 872·0) | 258·0 (62·8 to 674·5) | 1·36 (1·22 to 1·47) |
| Prevalence | 56 900 (49 400 to 65 000) | 160·8% (156·1 to 165·9) | 694·0 (602·9 to 794·1) | 3·2% (1·7 to 4·2) | 769·9 (670·7 to 877·6) | 589·5 (507·5 to 678·8) | 1·31 (1·28 to 1·35) |
| Deaths | 1950 (503 to 5080) | 198·3% (175·2 to 221·8) | 25·2 (6·7 to 64·4) | 1·5% (−4·0 to 7·1) | 27·9 (7·5 to 70·1) | 20·7 (5·2 to 55·1) | 1·38 (1·24 to 1·49) |
| Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder | |||||||
| YLDs | 1030 (572 to 1670) | 18·7% (14·8 to 22·8) | 13·5 (7·4 to 21·9) | −9·6% (−11·9 to −7·3) | 7·7 (4·2 to 12·7) | 19·0 (10·4 to 30·7) | 0·40 (0·38 to 0·43) |
| Prevalence | 84 800 (63 400 to 117 000) | 18·8% (14·9 to 23·2) | 1108·9 (828·7 to 1536·2) | −9·7% (−11·8 to −7·4) | 636·0 (467·9 to 879·0) | 1561·7 (1172·5 to 2151·7) | 0·41 (0·39 to 0·43) |
| Autism spectrum disorder | |||||||
| YLDs | 11 500 (7840 to 16 300) | 46·7% (44·5 to 48·5) | 147·6 (100·2 to 208·1) | 2·1% (0·6 to 3·4) | 94·5 (64·6 to 133·1) | 199·8 (136·3 to 281·7) | 0·47 (0·46 to 0·49) |
| Prevalence | 61 800 (52 100 to 72 700) | 47·5% (45·1 to 49·4) | 788·3 (663·8 to 927·2) | 2·0% (0·4 to 3·1) | 508·1 (424·6 to 604·3) | 1064·7 (898·5 to 1245·7) | 0·48 (0·46 to 0·50) |
| Cerebral malaria | |||||||
| YLDs | 407 (296 to 514) | 109·1% (98·6 to 120·1) | 5·3 (3·9 to 6·7) | 53·6% (45·6 to 61·5) | 5·6 (4·1 to 7·1) | 5·0 (3·6 to 6·3) | 1·12 (1·08 to 1·16) |
| Prevalence | 996 (923 to 1070) | 122·2% (116·4 to 128·1) | 12·9 (12·0 to 13·9) | 63·0% (58·7 to 67·4) | 13·8 (12·7 to 14·9) | 12·1 (11·2 to 13·1) | 1·14 (1·13 to 1·15) |
| Congenital birth defects† | |||||||
| YLDs | 1450 (676 to 2750) | 53·4% (48·3 to 58·4) | 18·7 (8·8 to 35·4) | 8·9% (5·5 to 12·4) | 15·9 (7·4 to 30·4) | 21·4 (10·2 to 39·9) | 0·74 (0·69 to 0·80) |
| Prevalence | 13 900 (7980 to 21 600) | 56·0% (51·6 to 60·4) | 180·2 (104·5 to 278·7) | 11·4% (8·6 to 14·5) | 157·0 (90·4 to 243·6) | 203·0 (118·0 to 315·0) | 0·77 (0·73 to 0·81) |
| Congenital Zika syndrome† | |||||||
| YLDs | 0·100 (0·100 to 0·100) | 100·0% (100·0 to 100·0) | 0·0 (0·0 to 0·0) | 100·0% (100·0 to 100·0) | 0·0 (0·0 to 0·0) | 0·0 (0·0 to 0·0) | 0·97 (0·93 to 1·02) |
| Prevalence | 0·100 (0·100 to 0·200) | 100·0% (100·0 to 100·0) | 0·0 (0·0 to 0·0) | 100·0% (100·0 to 100·0) | 0·0 (0·0 to 0·0) | 0·0 (0·0 to 0·0) | 0·97 (0·97 to 0·97) |
| COVID-19† | |||||||
| YLDs | 2480 (87·2 to 7990) | 100% (100 to 100) | 29·4 (1·1 to 101·1) | 100·0% (100·0 to 100·0) | 36·9 (1·0 to 122·8) | 19·7 (0·9 to 75·0) | 1·84 (0·97 to 3·35) |
| Prevalence | 23 400 (4140 to 72 800) | 100% (100 to 100) | 288·5 (50·5 to 899·2) | 100·0% (100·0 to 100·0) | 370·9 (64·3 to 1175·0) | 205·7 (35·8 to 608·9) | 1·87 (1·32 to 2·61) |
| Cystic echinococcosis† | |||||||
| YLDs | 4·60 (2·90 to 7·00) | 21·1% (−0·3 to 48·3) | 0·1 (0·0 to 0·1) | −24·7% (−37·7 to −9·2) | 0·1 (0·0 to 0·1) | 0·1 (0·0 to 0·1) | 1·21 (1·14 to 1·27) |
| Prevalence | 15·1 (11·5 to 19·3) | 45·2% (27·9 to 60·2) | 0·2 (0·1 to 0·2) | −10·7% (−19 to −2·0) | 0·2 (0·2 to 0·3) | 0·2 (0·1 to 0·2) | 1·21 (1·14 to 1·27) |
| Diabetic neuropathy | |||||||
| YLDs | 26 300 (18 000 to 37 400) | 309·1% (296·2 to 320·4) | 694·0 (602·9 to 794·1) | 91·9% (86·3 to 97·3) | 769·9 (670·7 to 877·6) | 589·5 (507·5 to 678·8) | 0·92 (0·89 to 0·94) |
| Prevalence | 206 000 (171 000 to 249 000) | 310·5% (297·4 to 322·3) | 301·9 (207·0 to 429·4) | 92·2% (86·4 to 97·7) | 289·7 (198·4 to 410·9) | 315·9 (216·4 to 449·9) | 0·95 (0·92 to 0·97) |
| Down syndrome† | |||||||
| YLDs | 135 (89·8 to 194) | −4·5% (−11·8 to 3·0) | 1·8 (1·2 to 2·6) | −24·2% (−29·7 to −18·3) | 1·7 (1·2 to 2·5) | 1·9 (1·2 to 2·7) | 0·93 (0·92 to 0·95) |
| Prevalence | 1490 (1240 to 1780) | −5·4% (−12·6 to 2·3) | 20·0 (16·7 to 24·0) | −24·6% (−30·2 to −18·6) | 19·3 (16·1 to 22·9) | 20·7 (17·2 to 25·0) | 0·93 (0·91 to 0·94) |
| Encephalitis | |||||||
| DALYs | 4950 (4150 to 5700) | −17·8% (−33·4 to 4·0) | 67·4 (55·7 to 78·3) | −35·7% (−47·8 to −19·0) | 67·2 (58·4 to 78·2) | 67·7 (50·6 to 83·5) | 1·01 (0·76 to 1·26) |
| YLDs | 497 (354 to 658) | 5·0% (0·0 to 10·5) | 6·2 (4·4 to 8·2) | −29·9% (−33·2 to −26·6) | 6·1 (4·3 to 8·1) | 6·3 (4·5 to 8·4) | 0·96 (0·93 to 1·00) |
| YLLs | 4460 (3690 to 5280) | −19·7% (−36·4 to 4·6) | 61·2 (49·9 to 72·9) | −36·2% (−49·1 to −17·9) | 61·2 (51·9 to 71·1) | 61·4 (44·2 to 76·2) | 1·01 (0·74 to 1·31) |
| Prevalence | 4640 (3250 to 6000) | 0·7% (−3·0 to 5·3) | 57·3 (40·2 to 73·9) | −35·6% (−38·2 to −3·02) | 54·7 (38·7 to 70·3) | 59·9 (41·7 to 77·7) | 0·91 (0·90 to 0·93) |
| Deaths | 92·0 (79·0 to 108) | 9·9% (−8·9 to 36·4) | 1·2 (1·0 to 1·4) | −26·1% (−38·0 to −8·3) | 1·2 (1·0 to 1·4) | 1·2 (0·9 to 1·5) | 0·98 (0·69 to 1·27) |
| Epilepsy | |||||||
| DALYs | 14 400 (11 000 to 18 500) | 22·5% (7·7 to 38·7) | 183·9 (141·0 to 237·2) | −14·6% (−24·6 to −3·9) | 160·4 (118·3 to 212·2) | 207·2 (161·9 to 262·2) | 0·77 (0·67 to 0·86) |
| YLDs | 7760 (4660 to 11 800) | 35·6% (7·1 to 67·6) | 98·9 (59·8 to 149·8) | −7·1% (−25·8 to 13·7) | 94·4 (57·0 to 142·9) | 103·6 (62·4 to 157·5) | 0·91 (0·89 to 0·94) |
| YLLs | 6610 (5450 to 7340) | 10·7% (−0·6 to 24·4) | 85·0 (70·7 to 95·0) | −21·6% (−29·6 to −12·5) | 66·0 (47·6 to 76·6) | 103·6 (84·2 to 117·2) | 0·64 (0·45 to 0·78) |
| Prevalence | 24 400 (18 600 to 30 800) | 57·4% (30·6 to 85·6) | 308·9 (236·2 to 390·1) | 6·2% (−10·5 to 24·1) | 294·6 (224·6 to 373·7) | 323·8 (249·0 to 406·4) | 0·91 (0·89 to 0·93) |
| Deaths | 140 (116 to 153) | 34·2% (23·3 to 45·8) | 1·7 (1·5 to 1·9) | −15·7% (−22·5 to −8·8) | 1·4 (1·0 to 1·5) | 2·1 (1·8 to 2·4) | 0·64 (0·46 to 0·76) |
| Fetal alcohol syndrome | |||||||
| YLDs | 23·6 (13·8 to 37·0) | 24·0% (14·8 to 32·1) | 0·3 (0·2 to 0·5) | −11·1% (−17·4 to −5·4) | 0·3 (0·2 to 0·5) | 0·3 (0·2 to 0·5) | 0·91 (0·84 to 0·99) |
| Prevalence | 517 (374 to 677) | 33·7% (28·4 to 37·9) | 6·7 (4·9 to 8·8) | −4·7% (−8·2 to −1·8) | 6·2 (4·7 to 8·0) | 7·1 (5·1 to 9·5) | 0·88 (0·83 to 0·99) |
| Guillain–Barré syndrome | |||||||
| YLDs | 49·0 (31·6 to 72·5) | 71·3% (61·4 to 81·9) | 0·6 (0·4 to 0·9) | 5·7% (3·3 to 8·2) | 0·6 (0·4 to 0·8) | 0·7 (0·4 to 1·0) | 0·86 (0·84 to 0·89) |
| Prevalence | 166 (134 to 201) | 71·3% (61·4 to 81·9) | 2·0 (1·7 to 2·5) | 5·7% (3·3 to 8·2) | 1·9 (1·5 to 2·3) | 2·2 (1·8 to 2·7) | 0·86 (0·84 to 0·89) |
| Idiopathic intellectual disability | |||||||
| YLDs | 3810 (1760 to 6520) | 16·3% (10·5 to 22·3) | 49·9 (23·2 to 85·4) | −13·6% (−18·0 to −8·4) | 51·5 (25·5 to 85·6) | 48·3 (20·8 to 84·7) | 1·08 (1·00 to 1·20) |
| Prevalence | 88 300 (47 100 to 129 000) | 10·2% (5·7 to 13·7) | 1157·2 (620·9 to 1688·1) | −18·0% (−21·1 to −15·7) | 1204·4 (688·7 to 1708·4) | 1110·5 (554·5 to 1667·2) | 1·10 (1·02 to 1·24) |
| Klinefelter syndrome† | |||||||
| YLDs | 3·00 (1·50 to 5·80) | 30·5% (24·1 to 37·3) | 0·0 (0·0 to 0·0) | 2·7% (−1·7 to 6·7) | NA | 0·0 (0·0 to 0·1) | NA |
| Prevalence | 230 (158 to 320) | 30·2% (25·7 to 34·6) | 3·1 (2·1 to 4·3) | 2·7% (1·3 to 4·2) | NA | 6·1 (4·2 to 8·4) | NA |
| Meningitis | |||||||
| DALYs | 14 500 (11 500 to 18 700) | −56·0% (−63·6 to −45·5) | 208·5 (163·6 to 270·8) | −62·1% (−68·9 to −52·8) | 193·3 (155·1 to 245·0) | 223·0 (167·7 to 302·2) | 0·87 (0·69 to 1·03) |
| YLDs | 603 (425 to 791) | −31·3% (−34·3 to −28·0) | 7·8 (5·5 to 10·2) | −51·7% (−53·8 to −49·4) | 7·6 (5·4 to 10·0) | 7·9 (5·6 to 10·4) | 0·97 (0·95 to 1·00) |
| YLLs | 13 900 (11 000 to 18 000) | −56·7% (−64·2 to −45·8) | 200·7 (156·5 to 262·5) | −62·5% (−69·3 to −52·9) | 185·7 (146·9 to 236·1) | 215·1 (160·0 to 294·1) | 0·87 (0·68 to 1·03) |
| Prevalence | 7270 (5930 to 9070) | −35·5% (−38·2 to −32·7) | 92·3 (75·2 to 114·8) | −56·8% (−58·6 to −55·1) | 88·5 (72·5 to 109·7) | 96·1 (78·2 to 120·0) | 0·92 (0·91 to 0·93) |
| Deaths | 214 (177 to 266) | −49·0% (−56·6 to −38·2) | 2·9 (2·4 to 3·7) | −60·2% (−66·3 to −51·7) | 2·7 (2·2 to 3·4) | 3·2 (2·5 to 4·1) | 0·87 (0·70 to 0·99) |
| Migraine | |||||||
| YLDs | 43 400 (6740 to 95 100) | 58·9% (53·7 to 66·0) | 532·7 (80·7 to 1167·8) | 0·6% (−4·0 to 2·6) | 662·8 (93·8 to 1450·9) | 403·9 (67·5 to 872·6) | 1·62 (1·39 to 1·79) |
| Prevalence | 1 160 000 (996 000 to 1 330 000) | 58·2% (54·4 to 62·6) | 14 246·5 (12 194·1 to 16 378·7) | 1·6% (0·3 to 2·6) | 17 902·6 (15 446·0 to 20 487·0) | 10 624·2 (9039·5 to 12 297·3) | 1·69 (1·65 to 1·73) |
| Motor neuron disease | |||||||
| DALYs | 1040 (962 to 1120) | 105·8% (87·1 to 125·9) | 12·2 (11·2 to 13·2) | 8·5% (−0·6 to 18·6) | 10·1 (9·3 to 11·1) | 14·4 (13·0 to 15·7) | 0·70 (0·62 to 0·77) |
| YLDs | 57·9 (40·7 to 78·0) | 68·4% (61·6 to 75·9) | 0·7 (0·5 to 1·0) | −1·4% (−3·4 to 0·7) | 0·6 (0·4 to 0·9) | 0·8 (0·5 to 1·0) | 0·83 (0·81 to 0·86) |
| YLLs | 983 (903 to 1070) | 108·6% (88·7 to 130·2) | 11·5 (10·5 to 12·4) | 9·2% (−0·5 to 20·0) | 9·4 (8·7 to 10·5) | 13·7 (12·2 to 15·0) | 0·69 (0·61 to 0·77) |
| Prevalence | 273 (236 to 314) | 68·6% (61·8 to 76·2) | 3·3 (2·9 to 3·8) | −1·3% (−3·3 to 0·9) | 3·0 (2·6 to 3·5) | 3·6 (3·2 to 4·2) | 0·83 (0·81 to 0·85) |
| Deaths | 39·1 (35·6 to 42·4) | 156·2% (136·0 to 178·6) | 0·5 (0·4 to 0·5) | 19·9% (10·9 to 30·1) | 0·4 (0·3 to 0·4) | 0·5 (0·5 to 0·6) | 0·69 (0·62 to 0·77) |
| Multiple sclerosis | |||||||
| DALYs | 973 (836 to 1130) | 69·5% (63·5 to 75·6) | 11·4 (9·7 to 13·2) | −11·0% (−14 to −8·0) | 14·5 (12·4 to 16·9) | 8·1 (7·0 to 9·5) | 1·80 (1·72 to 1·87) |
| YLDs | 484 (344 to 631) | 86·5% (78·9 to 94·5) | 5·7 (4·0 to 7·4) | −0·4% (−3·9 to 3·1) | 7·5 (5·3 to 9·7) | 3·9 (2·7 to 5·1) | 1·93 (1·86 to 2·00) |
| YLLs | 490 (465 to 513) | 55·7% (47·3 to 63·9) | 5·7 (5·4 to 6·0) | −19·5% (−23·5 to −15·1) | 7·1 (6·7 to 7·6) | 4·2 (4·0 to 4·5) | 1·68 (1·54 to 1·80) |
| Prevalence | 1890 (1690 to 2110) | 88·1% (80·8 to 95·5) | 22·2 (19·8 to 24·8) | −0·3% (−3·6 to 3·3) | 29·3 (26·2 to 32·7) | 14·7 (13·0 to 16·6) | 1·99 (1·94 to 2·05) |
| Deaths | 16·3 (15·3 to 17·0) | 79·1% (69·2 to 88·6) | 0·2 (0·2 to 0·2) | −12·7% (−17·4 to −8·3) | 0·2 (0·2 to 0·2) | 0·1 (0·1 to 0·2) | 1·59 (1·46 to 1·70) |
| Neonatal encephalopathy | |||||||
| DALYs | 58 600 (50 100 to 69 000) | −27·5% (−39·5 to −14·5) | 932·1 (797·5 to 1101·7) | −26·5% (−38·9 to −13·0) | 795·2 (675·1 to 942·3) | 1060·2 (889·7 to 1259·1) | 0·75 (0·67 to 0·87) |
| YLDs | 4280 (3100 to 5590) | 189·1% (61·5 to 348·9) | 55·2 (39·9 to 72·1) | 107·0% (16·2 to 220·4) | 45·3 (32·5 to 59·5) | 64·7 (46·7 to 84·3) | 0·70 (0·68 to 0·72) |
| YLLs | 54 300 (46 000 to 64 900) | −31·5% (−43·9 to −17·9) | 876·9 (743·6 to 1056·6) | −29·2% (−42·0 to −15·3) | 749·9 (627·7 to 895·0) | 995·6 (824·7 to 1193·6) | 0·76 (0·67 to 0·88) |
| Prevalence | 18 600 (16 100 to 21 100) | 175·2% (94·9 to 246·8) | 238·1 (206·3 to 269·7) | 91·2% (37·2 to 139·8) | 188·4 (163·5 to 213·3) | 286·6 (248·7 to 325·4) | 0·66 (0·65 to 0·67) |
| Deaths | 604 (511 to 722) | −31·5% (−44·0 to −17·9) | 9·7 (8·3 to 11·7) | −29·2% (−42·0 to −15·3) | 8·3 (7·0 to 10·0) | 11·1 (9·2 to 13·3) | 0·76 (0·67 to 0·88) |
| Neonatal jaundice† | |||||||
| YLDs | 718 (517 to 917) | 80·0% (69·8 to 90·3) | 9·3 (6·7 to 11·9) | 31·5% (24·3 to 39·0) | 9·5 (6·8 to 12·1) | 9·2 (6·6 to 11·8) | 1·03 (1·01 to 1·05) |
| Prevalence | 1960 (1800 to 2160) | 102·7% (95·8 to 109·0) | 25·5 (23·4 to 28·2) | 48·8% (43·8 to 53·5) | 25·6 (23·5 to 28·2) | 25·4 (23·3 to 28·1) | 1·01 (1·00 to 1·02) |
| Neonatal sepsis† | |||||||
| YLDs | 2490 (1570 to 3590) | 136·5% (32·3 to 322·0) | 32·3 (20·3 to 46·5) | 70·4% (−4·5 to 203·1) | 27·0 (17·1 to 38·7) | 37·3 (23·5 to 54·0) | 0·72 (0·71 to 0·74) |
| Prevalence | 7100 (5140 to 9260) | 153·8% (51·5 to 332·6) | 92·1 (66·8 to 120·1) | 83·3% (9·5 to 212·0) | 75·2 (54·7 to 97·7) | 108·3 (78·3 to 141·4) | 0·69 (0·69 to 0·70) |
| Nervous system cancer | |||||||
| DALYs | 9200 (7890 to 10 600) | 50·2% (29·1 to 69·0) | 111·8 (95·5 to 129·3) | −8·9% (−20·8 to 1·5) | 96·8 (86·4 to 107·3) | 127·5 (97·7 to 162·0) | 0·77 (0·60 to 1·00) |
| YLDs | 132 (93·8 to 174) | 111·8% (89·2 to 133·2) | 1·6 (1·1 to 2·1) | 22·5% (9·0 to 34·4) | 1·5 (1·0 to 2·0) | 1·7 (1·2 to 2·3) | 0·86 (0·70 to 1·08) |
| YLLs | 9070 (7750 to 10 500) | 49·6% (28·4 to 67·8) | 110·3 (93·9 to 127·4) | −9·2% (−21·2 to 1·0) | 95·3 (85·1 to 105·7) | 125·8 (96·3 to 159·7) | 0·77 (0·60 to 1·00) |
| Prevalence | 1030 (907 to 1140) | 117·1% (92·0 to 140·4) | 12·8 (11·2 to 14·2) | 37·7% (22·5 to 51·3) | 12·5 (11·1 to 13·9) | 13·2 (10·4 to 15·9) | 0·95 (0·78 to 1·21) |
| Deaths | 264 (226 to 302) | 90·3% (67·8 to 110·7) | 3·1 (2·7 to 3·6) | 1·3% (−9·8 to 11·9) | 2·7 (2·4 to 3·0) | 3·6 (2·8 to 4·4) | 0·75 (0·59 to 0·96) |
| Neural tube defects | |||||||
| DALYs | 5300 (4310 to 6510) | −47·3% (−59·0 to −24·7) | 83·2 (67·8 to 102·5) | −47·7% (−59·5 to −25·1) | 88·2 (64·3 to 118·1) | 78·5 (61·6 to 104·5) | 1·14 (0·72 to 1·61) |
| YLDs | 333 (229 to 456) | 11·8% (5·2 to 18·1) | 4·5 (3·1 to 6·2) | −11·0% (−16·3 to −6·2) | 4·6 (3·1 to 6·2) | 4·4 (3·1 to 6·1) | 1·03 (1·00 to 1·06) |
| YLLs | 4970 (3980 to 6430) | −49·1% (−61·3 to −26·5) | 78·7 (62·8 to 98·6) | −49·0% (−61·1 to −26·2) | 83·7 (60·7 to 114·3) | 74·1 (56·9 to 100·2) | 1·15 (0·71 to 1·65) |
| Prevalence | 1130 (965 to 1310) | 11·2% (4·4 to 17·7) | 15·2 (13·0 to 17·6) | −12·2% (−17·1 to −7·6) | 15·4 (13·2 to 17·8) | 15·0 (12·8 to 17·3) | 1·03 (1·00 to 1·06) |
| Deaths | 56·4 (45·3 to 72·8) | −48·6% (−60·9 to −25·7) | 0·9 (0·7 to 1·1) | −48·8% (−61·0 to −26·0) | 0·9 (0·7 to 1·3) | 0·8 (0·6 to 1·1) | 1·15 (0·71 to 1·66) |
| Neurocysticercosis | |||||||
| DALYs | 1240 (788 to 1810) | 14·2% (−2·4 to 34·5) | 14·6 (9·3 to 21·3) | −38·4% (−46·7 to −28·5) | 15·6 (9·9 to 22·5) | 13·6 (8·8 to 20·0) | 1·15 (1·06 to 1·22) |
| YLDs | 1150 (714 to 1730) | 18·5% (0·6 to 41·3) | 13·6 (8·4 to 20·2) | −37·3% (−46·2 to −27·0) | 14·6 (9·1 to 21·5) | 12·6 (7·8 to 18·9) | 1·17 (1·09 to 1·24) |
| YLLs | 81·3 (54·1 to 119) | −22·0% (−46·6 to 11·3) | 1·0 (0·7 to 1·5) | −48·4% (−65·1 to −25·3) | 1·0 (0·5 to 1·5) | 1·1 (0·6 to 1·7) | 0·94 (0·44 to 1·61) |
| Prevalence | 4360 (3150 to 5720) | 43·7% (31·2 to 59·2) | 51·3 (37·2 to 67·3) | −25·1% (−29·0 to −19·7) | 55·5 (40·3 to 71·9) | 46·9 (33·7 to 63·1) | 1·19 (1·11 to 1·25) |
| Deaths | 1·60 (1·10 to 2·30) | −16·7% (−43·8 to 17·7) | 0·0 (0·0 to 0·0) | −50·0% (−66·2 to −28·5) | 0·0 (0·0 to 0·0) | 0·0 (0·0 to 0·0) | 0·93 (0·48 to 1·53) |
| Neurosyphilis | |||||||
| YLDs | 64·9 (42·2 to 93·4) | 17·3% (4·8 to 31·0) | 0·8 (0·5 to 1·2) | −18·5% (−27·0 to −9·4) | 0·8 (0·5 to 1·1) | 0·9 (0·6 to 1·3) | 0·89 (0·83 to 0·94) |
| Prevalence | 696 (563 to 857) | 38·5% (25·0 to 53·3) | 8·8 (7·1 to 10·8) | −6·1% (−15·5 to 4·0) | 8·6 (6·9 to 10·6) | 9·0 (7·3 to 11·0) | 0·95 (0·93 to 0·97) |
| Other chromosomal anomalies† | |||||||
| YLDs | 295 (196 to 417) | 7·3% (2·3 to 12·4) | 4·1 (2·7 to 5·7) | −12·8% (−16·8 to −8·7) | 3·3 (2·2 to 4·7) | 4·7 (3·1 to 6·9) | 0·71 (0·59 to 0·86) |
| Prevalence | 3280 (2880 to 3760) | 6·2% (0·9 to 11·2) | 45·2 (39·5 to 52·0) | −13·0% (−17·2 to −9·0) | 37·0 (32·4 to 43·0) | 52·8 (44·2 to 62·9) | 0·71 (0·59 to 0·85) |
| Other neurological disorders | |||||||
| DALYs | 4360 (3630 to 5270) | 131·0% (107·3 to 155·5) | 54·8 (45·3 to 66·6) | 50·7% (35·4 to 65·5) | 51·8 (42·7 to 63·2) | 57·8 (48·0 to 69·4) | 0·90 (0·84 to 0·96) |
| YLDs | 2010 (1330 to 2870) | 153·8% (110·9 to 197·8) | 25·5 (16·8 to 36·6) | 70·6% (43·8 to 98·8) | 25·3 (16·6 to 36·2) | 25·6 (16·8 to 36·9) | 0·99 (0·96 to 1·02) |
| YLLs | 2330 (2080 to 2510) | 116·0% (83·3 to 140·8) | 29·0 (25·9 to 31·4) | 37·6% (18·3 to 52·7) | 26·3 (22·7 to 28·9) | 32·0 (29·0 to 34·8) | 0·82 (0·74 to 0·93) |
| Deaths | 71·5 (65·0 to 76·4) | 189·8% (157·8 to 214·6) | 0·9 (0·8 to 0·9) | 50·1% (35·1 to 61·2) | 0·8 (0·7 to 0·8) | 1·0 (0·9 to 1·1) | 0·78 (0·71 to 0·85) |
| Parkinson's disease | |||||||
| DALYs | 7470 (6730 to 8140) | 161·8% (145·8 to 177·0) | 89·6 (80·7 to 97·5) | 10·0% (3·7 to 16·1) | 68·6 (60·7 to 75·8) | 117·5 (106·2 to 128·5) | 0·58 (0·53 to 0·64) |
| YLDs | 1670 (1170 to 2210) | 271·2% (256·9 to 284·4) | 19·6 (13·9 to 25·9) | 60·6% (54·3 to 65·9) | 16·1 (11·4 to 21·2) | 23·9 (17·0 to 31·5) | 0·67 (0·65 to 0·69) |
| YLLs | 5800 (5250 to 6260) | 141·4% (124·0 to 158·5) | 70·0 (63·0 to 75·2) | 1·0% (−5·9 to 7·5) | 52·5 (45·4 to 58·0) | 93·5 (84·6 to 101·7) | 0·56 (0·50 to 0·63) |
| Prevalence | 11 800 (10 400 to 13 400) | 273·9% (260·2 to 287·3) | 138·6 (123·1 to 157·6) | 60·7% (54·9 to 66·2) | 114·5 (102·1 to 129·8) | 168·2 (148·4 to 191·7) | 0·68 (0·67 to 0·69) |
| Deaths | 388 (345 to 419) | 162·2% (143·6 to 179·4) | 4·8 (4·3 to 5·2) | 4·1% (−2·7 to 10·3) | 3·6 (3·0 to 4·0) | 6·6 (5·9 to 7·1) | 0·55 (0·49 to 0·61) |
| Preterm birth† | |||||||
| YLDs | 13 800 (9950 to 17 900) | 74·0% (61·9 to 85·0) | 180·7 (130·1 to 233·4) | 29·2% (20·3 to 37·7) | 169·3 (122·6 to 218·2) | 191·4 (137·6 to 247·7) | 0·89 (0·87 to 0·90) |
| Prevalence | 97 500 (83 000 to 112 000) | 64·1% (53·7 to 74·3) | 1256·8 (1073·2 to 1445·9) | 16·1% (8·7 to 23·7) | 1146·3 (978·2 to 1315·6) | 1363·9 (1162·4 to 1572·4) | 0·84 (0·83 to 0·85) |
| Rabies | |||||||
| DALYs | 571 (325 to 826) | −59·0% (−71·8 to −44·1) | 7·5 (4·2 to 11·0) | −69·9% (−79·3 to −58·8) | 5·6 (3·0 to 9·9) | 9·4 (5·0 to 13·6) | 0·62 (0·26 to 0·93) |
| YLDs | 0·100 (0·00 to 0·100) | −54·3% (−66·5 to −40·4) | 0·0 (0·0 to 0·0) | −69·8% (−77·6 to −61·0) | 0·0 (0·0 to 0·0) | 0·0 (0·0 to 0·0) | 0·63 (0·28 to 0·91) |
| YLLs | 572 (324 to 832) | −59·0% (−71·9 to −44·0) | 7·5 (4·2 to 11·0) | −69·9% (−79·2 to −58·8) | 5·6 (3·0 to 9·9) | 9·4 (5·0 to 13·6) | 0·62 (0·26 to 0·93) |
| Prevalence | 0·400 (0·200 to 0·500) | −54·3% (−66·5 to −40·4) | 0·0 (0·0 to 0·0) | −69·8% (−77·6 to −61·0) | 0·0 (0·0 to 0·0) | 0·0 (0·0 to 0·0) | 0·63 (0·28 to 0·91) |
| Deaths | 10·1 (6·00 to 14·4) | −54·2% (−66·3 to −39·9) | 0·1 (0·1 to 0·2) | −69·7% (−77·4 to −60·7) | 0·1 (0·1 to 0·2) | 0·2 (0·1 to 0·2) | 0·62 (0·28 to 0·91) |
| Spinal cord injury | |||||||
| YLDs | 4570 (3200 to 6020) | 28·9% (24·0 to 33·9) | 54·7 (38·3 to 72·1) | −24·2% (−26·9 to −20·9) | 37·9 (26·7 to 49·7) | 71·6 (50·5 to 93·6) | 0·53 (0·50 to 0·57) |
| Prevalence | 15 400 (14 000 to 17 100) | 42·0% (37·7 to 46·5) | 183·9 (167·3 to 204·2) | −17·8% (−20·4 to −14·9) | 131·5 (118·6 to 146·8) | 236·6 (215·0 to 262·3) | 0·56 (0·52 to 0·59) |
| Stroke | |||||||
| DALYs | 160 000 (148 000 to 172 000) | 32·2% (21·7 to 42·6) | 1886·0 (1740·1 to 2017·3) | −38·7% (−43·4 to −34·0) | 1578·2 (1431·4 to 1710·6) | 2232·3 (2028·8 to 2449·0) | 0·71 (0·64 to 0·78) |
| YLDs | 15 200 (11 000 to 19 400) | 89·9% (85·9 to 94·0) | 178·7 (128·9 to 227·6) | −7·4% (−9·0 to −5·9) | 175·6 (126·7 to 223·1) | 183·4 (132·7 to 234·5) | 0·96 (0·94 to 0·98) |
| YLLs | 145 000 (134 000 to 157 000) | 28·2% (16·9 to 38·9) | 1707·4 (1572·6 to 1838·0) | −40·8% (−45·8 to −35·8) | 1402·6 (1263·6 to 1527·5) | 2048·9 (1866·9 to 2253·8) | 0·69 (0·61 to 0·77) |
| Prevalence | 93 800 (89 000 to 99 300) | 86·1% (83·0 to 89·4) | 1099·3 (1044·2 to 1162·1) | −8·5% (−9·7 to −7·3) | 1027·7 (974·4 to 1088·1) | 1184·4 (1124·2 to 1252·1) | 0·87 (0·85 to 0·88) |
| Deaths | 7250 (6610 to 7820) | 44·1% (32·6 to 56·2) | 87·4 (78·6 to 94·2) | −39·4% (−44·0 to −34·7) | 74·5 (66·0 to 81·7) | 103·1 (93·1 to 112·8) | 0·72 (0·64 to 0·81) |
| Tension-type headache | |||||||
| YLDs | 4600 (1350 to 15 000) | 63·4% (49·6 to 69·5) | 55·7 (16·1 to 185·1) | −3·1% (−4·8 to 0·9) | 62·0 (18·8 to 189·0) | 49·3 (13·5 to 172·4) | 1·34 (0·94 to 1·43) |
| Prevalence | 2 010 000 (1 780 000 to 2 270 000) | 56·4% (52·7 to 60·2) | 24 764·8 (21 863·6 to 27 954·7) | −0·6% (−1·3 to 0·2) | 25 634·4 (22 631·5 to 28 974·3) | 23 880·8 (21 046·2 to 26 935·1) | 1·07 (1·06 to 1·09) |
| Tetanus | |||||||
| DALYs | 1340 (633 to 2130) | −91·7% (−94·4 to −86·8) | 19·6 (9·1 to 31·9) | −92·6% (−94·9 to −88·0) | 18·4 (8·6 to 31·6) | 20·8 (8·3 to 36·8) | 0·95 (0·49 to 1·69) |
| YLDs | 3·00 (2·20 to 4·00) | −56·1% (−62·3 to −47·8) | 0·0 (0·0 to 0·1) | −67·7% (−72·1 to −61·9) | 0·0 (0·0 to 0·1) | 0·0 (0·0 to 0·1) | 0·91 (0·83 to 0·98) |
| YLLs | 1340 (644 to 2180) | −91·8% (−94·4 to −86·3) | 19·6 (9·1 to 32·2) | −92·6% (−95·0 to −88·1) | 18·4 (8·5 to 31·6) | 20·7 (8·3 to 36·8) | 0·95 (0·49 to 1·69) |
| Prevalence | 37·7 (28·5 to 49·2) | −62·2% (−66·3 to −58·1) | 0·5 (0·4 to 0·6) | −72·8% (−75·5 to −70·1) | 0·4 (0·3 to 0·6) | 0·5 (0·4 to 0·7) | 0·83 (0·79 to 0·87) |
| Deaths | 21·3 (9·90 to 33·2) | −89·7% (−92·8 to −83·8) | 0·3 (0·1 to 0·5) | −91·8% (−94·2 to −87·2) | 0·3 (0·1 to 0·4) | 0·3 (0·1 to 0·6) | 0·85 (0·44 to 1·52) |
| Traumatic brain injury | |||||||
| YLDs | 5490 (3880 to 7340) | 52·2% (49·5 to 55·2) | 64·8 (45·8 to 86·8) | −16·4% (−17·7 to −15·0) | 40·1 (28·5 to 53·7) | 90·1 (63·5 to 120·8) | 0·45 (0·43 to 0·46) |
| Prevalence | 38 000 (36 400 to 39 800) | 52·7% (50·4 to 55·4) | 448·6 (429·9 to 470·3) | −16·9% (−18·0 to −15·6) | 283·7 (270·2 to 299·2) | 617·4 (592·2 to 646·0) | 0·46 (0·45 to 0·47) |
Data are mean (95% uncertainty interval). Counts are provided to three significant figures, rates and percentages are provided to one decimal place, and ratios are provided to two decimal places. Due to rounding, age-standardised rates for some rare conditions (eg, tetanus, rabies, neurocysticercosis, and congenital Zika syndrome) are shown as 0·0, but the actual values are higher than 0·0. To avoid double-counting cases, epilepsy includes all epilepsy not due to other causes explicitly analysed here (eg, preterm birth), and Guillain–Barré syndrome excludes Guillain–Barré syndrome due to COVID-19, as these estimates are included under COVID-19 estimates. DALYs=disability-adjusted life-years. NA=not applicable. YLDs=years lived with disability. YLLs=years of life lost.
*Values higher than 1 indicate higher levels in females.
†
Neurological complications related to this condition.