Table 2.

Association with institution

S. No.	Questions	Responses	THC-I	THC-II	THC-III	χ2	p-value
1	Recommended material used for oral care hygiene maintenance in ICU patients	Simple suction	6	2	1	12.915	0.115
		Tap water	4	4	2
		Plain saline	51	32	33
		Chlorhexidine	3	3	1
		Toothbrush	8	0	0
2	Is toothbrush recommended for maintenance of oral hygiene in ICU patients?	No	21	12	17	3.516	0.172
		Yes	51	29	20
3	Frequency of toothbrushing performed by nursing staff for each ICU patient daily	Once	22	10	6	6.616	0.358
		Twice	30	21	24
		After every meal	13	7	3
		Not daily	7	3	4
4	Duration of toothbrushing performed by nursing staff for each ICU patient	3–4 minutes	24	19	16	16.180	0.013
		1–2 minutes	39	20	19
		5 minutes	2	2	3
		Not sure	16	0	4
5	Pooling of saliva in the mouth for intubated ICU patients leads to increased incidence of microbial growth. This can be controlled by	(A) Suctioning of oral fluids regularly	29	9	18	15.855	0.003
		(B) Using cotton swabs to absorb	2	8	1
		Both (A) and (B)	41	24	18
		Not required	0	0	0
6	Oral hygiene tools required in an ICU setup for oral hygiene maintenance	Toothbrush	7	2	2	4.484	0.344
		Gauze + tongue depressor	30	11	14
		Mouth rinse	0	0	0
		All	35	28	21
7	Recommended toothpaste for children with teeth should contain	Fluoride	41	17	26	8.640	0.071
		Sodium chloride	30	22	9
		Sodium bicarbonate	0	0	0
		Don't know	1	2	2
8	Recommended oral rinse for ICU patients	0.12% Chlorhexidine	62	36	36	3.348	0.188
		Plain water	10	5	1
		Betadine	0	0	0
		Hydrogen	0	0	0
		Don't know	0	0	0
9	Ideal handwashing practice to be followed by nursing staff in ICU	Pre-contact handwashing with tap water and soap	0	0	0	1.923	0.382
		Pre- and post-contact handwashing with tap water and soap	25	13	17
		Pre- and post-contact handwashing with tap water and soap followed by alcohol rub	47	28	20
		Handwashing is not needed	0	0	0
10	Denture hygiene of geriatric ICU patients comprises	Removal of dentures at night and cleaning it once a day	9	6	2	3.115	0.539
		Removal of denture during sleep and cleaning it preferably after every meal	62	33	34
		No need for removal of denture from the mouth and external cleaning	1	2	1
		Intraoral cleaning with appropriate tools is sufficient	0	0	0
11	Where do you store personalized oral hygiene tools for ICU patients?	(A) Personalized air-tight containers	27	22	18	7.658	0.264
		(B) Along with their other personal belongings	17	9	11
		(A) or (B)	28	10	8
		Does not matter	0	0	0
12	Maintenance of oral hygiene in infants before eruption of teeth in a pediatric ICU is done by	(A) Cotton swab to clean the gums	44	27	28	3.779	0.437
		(B) Small soft toothbrush	0	0	0
		Both (A) and (B)	27	14	8
		No supporting cleaning is required	1	0	1
13	Did you receive assessment and provision of comprehensive oral care for ICU patients in basic nursing training?	No	1	4	2	4.171	0.124
		Yes	71	37	35
14	What is the ideal patient position for performing oral hygiene care in an unconscious ICU adult patient?	Position the patient in the supine position	3	3	2	1.475	0.831
		Position the patient in the prone position	0	0	0
		Position the patient in the lateral decubitus	41	26	23
		Position the patient in the elevated supine position	28	12	12
		Any position	0	0	0
15	Do you think oral hygiene maintenance is necessary for ICU patients?	Yes	72	41	37	–	–
		No	0	0	0
16	Doctor's instruction for oral hygiene care documented in the checklist and your necessary documentation/record for the oral hygiene procedures will improve the practice of oral care by nursing staff	Yes	72	41	37	–	–
		No	0	0	0
17	Will the presence of a dental surgeon in the ICU will help in proper maintenance of oral hygiene in ICU patient?	No	8	3	4	0.454	0.797
		Yes	64	38	33

THC, tertiary healthcare center