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. 2024 Mar 13;17:59–76. doi: 10.2147/NSA.S445116

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© 2024 Cuyler et al.

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Histamine production of (A) BF freeze-dried leaf juice extracts (BFE) and (B) BF freeze-dried leaf juice synthesized gold nanoparticles (BFEAuNPs) at a concentration of 200, 100 and 50 µg/mL using phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) stimulated granulocytes. Data represents mean ± SEM (n=2). Significant difference was determined using a one-way ANOVA followed by Dunnett’s multiple comparison test, where p < 0.05 (*), p < 0.01 (**) and p < 0.001 (***) indicate significance when compared to either the 0.25% DMSO (vehicle) or untreated (media) control (+).