Table 2.
Comparison baseline parameters between non-HRE and HRE
| Baseline parameters | Non-HRE group N 227 | HRE group N 58 | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Female | 120 (52.8%) | 37 (63.7%) | 0.135 |
| Age | 43.9 ± 11.6 | 56.2 ± 12.4 | < 0.001 |
| BW (kg) | 65.4 ± 14.7 | 64.2 ± 12.6 | 0.56 |
| Height (cm) | 164.3 ± 8.6 | 160.7 + 8.6 | 0.06 |
| BMI | 24.1 ± 4.1 | 24.7 ± 3.5 | 0.25 |
| Resting HR (bpm) | 70.4 ± 11.0 | 70.8 ± 10.8 | 0.79 |
| Resting SBP (mmHg) | 117.2 ± 14.4 | 138.6 ± 18.1 | < 0.001 |
| Resting DBP (mmHg) | 76.7 ± 10.6 | 84.4 ± 11.4 | < 0.001 |
| Resting pulse pressure(mmHg) | 40.4 ± 11.0 | 54.3 ± 16.0 | < 0.001 |
| Peak pulse pressure (mmHg) | 92.6 ± 22.3 | 123.6 ± 24.7 | < 0.001 |
| Maximal functional capacity (METs) | 11.1 ± 2.02 | 9.40 ± 2.33 | < 0.001 |
| Right ABI | 1.04 ± 0.07 | 1.07 ± 0.07 | 0.287 |
| Left ABI | 1.05 ± 0.07 | 1.06 ± 0.06 | 0.165 |
| CAVI | 7.0 ± 0.76 | 8.3 ± 1.06 | < 0.001 |
| DM | 5 (2%) | 8 (13.7%) | 0.001 |
| HT | 24 (10.6%) | 21 (36.2%) | < 0.001 |
| Dyslipidemia | 19 (8.4%) | 15 (25.8%) | 0.001 |
| Smoking | 28 (12.3%) | 4 (6.9%) | 0.24 |
| Family history of CAD &CVA | 28 (12.3%) | 5 (8.6%) | 0.43 |
| History of CAD | 3 (1.3%) | 1 (1.7%) | 0.81 |
| History on ASA | 8 (3.5%) | 2 (3.4%) | 0.5 |
| History on statin | 9 (3.9%) | 6 (10.3%) | 0.052 |
| History of ACEIs/ARBs | 7 (3%) | 4 (6.9%) | 0.18 |
| History on beta-blocker | 5 (2.2%) | 6 (10.3%) | 0.004 |
| History on CCB | 2 (1%) | 1 (1.7%) | 0.57 |
HRE Hypertensive response to exercise, BMI Body mass index, SBP Systolic blood pressure, DBP Diastolic blood pressure, METs Metabolic equivalent, ABI Ankle brachial index, CAVI Cardio-ankle vascular index, DM Diabetes mellitus, HT Hypertension, CAD Coronary artery disease, CVA Cerebrovascular accident, ASA Aspirin, ACEIs Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, ARB ARBs: angiotensin receptor blockers, CCB Calcium channel blocker.