Table 2.
Basic characteristics of included randomized controlled trials
| Author year | Sample size (T/C) |
Age yr (T/C) |
Sex (F/M) |
Information of blinding | Types of surgery | Intervention Group | Control Group | Acupoints | Intervention time | Electrical frequency |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Lv et al. 2022 |
103(52/51) |
37. 17 ± 10. 59 34. 63 ± 9.03 |
52/0 51/0 |
yes | laparoscopic non-gastrointestinal surgery | TEAS | sham TEAS | PC6, ST36 | 15 min after the end of anesthesia,from 7 am to 12 am on the first day after surgery | 2/100 HZ |
|
Jin et al. 2020 |
61(30/31) |
48.20 ± 6.90 50.90 ± 7.10 |
30/0 31/0 |
No described | radical mastectomy | TEAS | sham TEAS | LI4, PC6, ST36, SP6 | 30 min before the induction of anesthesia,until the end of anesthesia | 2/100 HZ |
|
Mi et al. 2018 |
100(50/50) |
44 ± 6 45 ± 8 |
22/28 24/26 |
No described | laparoscopic cholecystectomy | TEAS | sham TEAS | LI4, PC6, ST36 and the non-acupoint 2 cun outboard from ST36 | 30 min before the induction of anesthesia,until the end of anesthesia | 2/100 HZ |
|
Pan et al. 2023 |
105(52/53) |
42.2 ± 5.5 43.2 ± 6.3 |
52/0 53/0 |
No described | laparoscopic myomectomy | TEAS | No TEAS | LI4, PC6, ST36, SP6 | for 30 min before the operation and lasting until the end of anesthesia | 2/100 HZ |
|
Gao et al. 2022 |
1655 (827/828) |
39.0(31.0,46.0) 39.0(31.0,46.0) |
803/24 803/25 |
yes | laparoscopic non-gastrointestinal surgery | TEAS | sham TEAS | PC6 and ST36 | in the PACU when recovered from anesthesia on the same surgical day and on the next morning of surgical ward for 30 min | 2/10 Hz |
|
Liang et al. 2021 |
70(35/35) |
70.8 ± 6.5 60.9 ± 6.1 |
0/35 0/35 |
yes | TURP | TEAS | sham TEAS | CV7, CV6, CV5, CV4, CV3, BL32, BL33, BL34 | for 30 min | 2/100 HZ |
|
Yu et al. 2020 |
60(30/30) |
45.9 ± 17.5 48.5 ± 16.2 |
30/0 30/0 |
yes | gynecological laparoscopic surgery | TEAS | sham TEAS | GV20, EX-HN3, ST36, PC6 | for 30 min before anesthesia | 2/100 Hz |
|
Bai et al. 2018 |
75(37/38) |
66.0 ± 3.0 65.1 ± 3.4 |
19/18 22/16 |
yes | supratentorial craniotomy | TEAS | sham TEAS | LI4, PC6, LU7, LU5, LI18, ST9 | 30 min before the induction of anesthesia,until 5 min before the end of anesthesia | 2/10 Hz |
|
Chen et al. 2015 |
83(41/42) |
37.5 ± 8.5 40.2 ± 7.8 |
41/0 42/0 |
yes | thyroidectomy | TEAS | sham TEAS | LI4, PC6 | 30 min before the induction of anesthesia | 2/10 Hz |
|
Yao et al. 2015 |
71(35/36) |
34.2 ± 7.2 35.6 ± 8.7 |
35/0 36/0 |
yes | gynecological laparoscopic surgery | TEAS | sham TEAS | LI4, PC6, ST36, SP6 | 30 min before the induction of anesthesia | 2/10 Hz |
RCT: randomized controlled trial; T: the TEAS group; C: the control group; TEAS: transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation; acupoint: Neiguan PC6, Zusanli ST36, Hegu LI4, Sanyinjiao SP6, Yinjiao CV7, Qihai CV6, Shimen CV5, Guanyuan CV4, Zhongji CV3, Ciliao BL32, Zhongliao BL33.Xiaoliao BL34, Baihui GV20, Yintang EX-HN3, Lieque LU7, Chize LU5, Futu LI18, Renying ST9.