Table 2.
Cardiovascular risk factor profiles of the weight change groups at 3-years and 5-years postpartum
| Weight Loss | Weight Gain 0–6% |
Weight Gain ≥ 6% |
|||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| At 3-years Postpartum | ( n = 100) | ( n = 110) | ( n = 120) | p | |||||
| Time since delivery (months) | 33 (26–38) | 34 (27–40) | 32 (25–41) | 0.74 | |||||
| Total physical activity | 8.6 ± 1.0 | 8.6 ± 0.9 | 8.5 ± 1.0 | 0.65 | |||||
| Sport index | 3.0 ± 0.6 | 3.0 ± 0.5 | 2.9 ± 0.5 | 0.22 | |||||
| Leisure time index | 3.0 ± 0.6 | 3.0 ± 0.5 | 3.0 ± 0.6 | 0.90 | |||||
| Work index | 2.6 ± 0.5 | 2.6 ± 0.6 | 2.7 ± 0.5 | 0.52 | |||||
| BMI (kg/m2) | 25.8 ± 5.4 | 24.7 ± 4.5 | 26.9 ± 5.0 | 0.005 | |||||
| Waist circumference (cm) | 88.1 ± 13.0 | 86.0 ± 11.7 | 89.8 ± 1.7 | 0.06 | |||||
| Systolic BP (mm Hg) | 108.3 ± 11.3 | 111.1 ± 13.4 | 109.6 ± 12.5 | 0.26 | |||||
| Diastolic BP (mm Hg) | 65.1 ± 9.1 | 66.7 ± 9.9 | 66.9 ± 10.1 | 0.36 | |||||
| Total cholesterol (mmol/l) | 4.4 ± 0.9 | 4.6 ± 0.7 | 4.6 ± 0.8 | 0.18 | |||||
| LDL cholesterol (mmol/l) | 2.5 ± 0.8 | 2.6 ± 0.7 | 2.6 ± 0.7 | 0.60 | |||||
| HDL cholesterol (mmol/l) | 1.4 ± 0.3 | 1.6 ± 0.4 | 1.4 ± 0.3 | 0.03 | |||||
| Triglycerides (mmol/) | 0.9 (0.7–1.1) | 0.9 (0.7–1.2) | 1.0 (0.7–1.3) | 0.03 | |||||
| apoB (g/L) | 0.8 ± 0.2 | 0.8 ± 0.2 | 0.8 ± 0.2 | 0.31 | |||||
| apoB:apoA1 | 0.5 ± 0.2 | 0.5 ± 0.2 | 0.5 ± 0.1 | 0.24 | |||||
| Fasting glucose (mmol/L) | 4.6 ± 0.5 | 4.7 ± 0.5 | 4.8 ± 0.5 | 0.03 | |||||
| 2-hour glucose (mmol/L) | 6.4 ± 1.6 | 6.3 ± 1.9 | 6.6 ± 2.0 | 0.39 | |||||
| HOMA-IR | 1.3 (0.8–2.1) | 1.3 (0.8–1.8) | 1.5 (1.0-2.3) | 0.02 | |||||
| Matsuda index | 8.4 (4.8–12.2) | 8.4 (5.5–11.2) | 6.4 (3.8–10.0) | 0.004 | |||||
| CRP (mg/L) | 1.0 (0.4–2.1) | 1.0 (0.4-2.0) | 1.2 (0.5–3.4) | 0.09 | |||||
| Adiponectin (ug/ml) | 9.9 ± 4.4 | 10.4 ± 4.5 | 8.9 ± 4.2 | 0.04 | |||||
| At 5-years Postpartum | |||||||||
| Time since delivery (months) | 55 (49–67) | 56 (51–65) | 57 (51–71) | 0.28 | |||||
| Total physical activity | 8.5 ± 0.9 | 8.5 ± 1.0 | 8.4 ± 1.1 | 0.66 | |||||
| Sport index | 2.9 ± 0.5 | 2.9 ± 0.5 | 2.9 ± 0.6 | 0.91 | |||||
| Leisure time index | 3.0 ± 0.5 | 3.0 ± 0.6 | 3.0 ± 0.6 | 0.83 | |||||
| Work index | 2.6 ± 0.5 | 2.5 ± 0.5 | 2.5 ± 0.5 | 0.39 | |||||
| BMI (kg/m2) | 25.2 ± 5.3 | 24.8 ± 4.1 | 27.7 ± 5.0 | < 0.0001 | |||||
| Waist circumference (cm) | 86.3 ± 12.1 | 86.4 ± 10.4 | 91.7 ± 13.2 | 0.0008 | |||||
| Systolic BP (mm Hg) | 108.6 ± 14.7 | 110.4 ± 12.7 | 110.6 ± 12.8 | 0.49 | |||||
| Diastolic BP (mm Hg) | 65.9 ± 10.3 | 65.9 ± 9.4 | 67.0 ± 9.5 | 0.60 | |||||
| Total cholesterol (mmol/l) | 4.4 ± 0.9 | 4.6 ± 0.7 | 4.6 ± 0.7 | 0.04 | |||||
| LDL cholesterol (mmol/l) | 2.4 ± 0.8 | 2.4 ± 0.7 | 2.6 ± 0.6 | 0.12 | |||||
| HDL cholesterol (mmol/l) | 1.6 ± 0.4 | 1.7 ± 0.4 | 1.5 ± 0.4 | 0.009 | |||||
| Triglycerides (mmol/) | 0.9 (0.7–1.2) | 1.0 ( 0.8–1.4) | 1.1 (0.8–1.5) | 0.003 | |||||
| apoB (g/L) | 0.77 ± 0.21 | 0.80 ± 0.20 | 0.84 ± 0.17 | 0.03 | |||||
| apoB:apoA1 | 0.5 ± 0.2 | 0.5 ± 0.2 | 0.6 ± 0.1 | 0.07 | |||||
| Fasting glucose (mmol/L) | 4.6 ± 0.5 | 4.7 ± 0.5 | 4.8 ± 0.6 | 0.03 | |||||
| 2-hour glucose (mmol/L) | 6.4 ± 1.9 | 6.7 ± 2.1 | 7.1 ± 2.3 | 0.04 | |||||
| HOMA-IR | 1.2 (0.8-2.0) | 1.2 (0.9–1.9) | 1.6 (1.2–2.4) | 0.0002 | |||||
| Matsuda index | 8.3 (4.9–12.2) | 7.6 (5.1–10.5) | 5.9 (3.6–9.4) | 0.0004 | |||||
| CRP (mg/L) | 1.0 (0.4–2.6) | 1.0 (0.4–2.1) | 1.4 (0.5–3.8) | 0.12 | |||||
| Adiponectin (ug/ml) | 11.9 ± 5.4 | 12.0 ± 5.4 | 10.1 ± 5.4 | 0.01 | |||||
Continuous data are presented as mean ± standard deviation (if normal distribution) or median followed by interquartile range in parentheses (if skewed distribution)
Bold indicates p < 0.05