Table 2.
Characteristics of the included studies
| Study | Country | Participant count | Cohorts, n | Follow-up time point (s) | Study design | Included in the meta-analysis (Y/N) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Arévalo et al. [22] | Spain | 17 |
Simultaneous SGLT2i + GLP-1RA (n = 2) Sequential GLP-1RA + SGLT2i add-on (n = 10) Sequential SGLT2i + GLP-1RA add-on (n = 5) |
6 months | Multicenter, prospective cohort study | N |
| Berkovic et al. [23] | Croatia | 200 |
Simultaneous SGLT2i + GLP-1RA (n = 76) Sequential GLP-1RA + SGLT2i add-on (n = 76) Sequential SGLT2i + GLP-1RA add-on (n = 48) |
6 months 12 months |
Retrospective and prospective, multicenter, observational cohort study | Y |
| Bhattacharyya et al. [24] | India | 15 | GLP-1RA (dulaglutide) + SGLT2i + metformin with or without insulin | 3 months | Retrospective, single-center, observational study | N |
| Carretero Gómez et al. [27] | Brazil | 113 |
Simultaneous SGLT2i + GLP-1RA (n = 30) Sequential GLP-1RA + SGLT2i add-on (n = 59) Sequential SGLT2i + GLP-1RA add-on (n = 24) |
3 months 6 months |
Prospective, observational, multicenter cohort study | Y |
| Carretero Gómez et al. [28] | Brazil | 178 |
Simultaneous SGLT2i + GLP-1RA (n = 52) Sequential GLP-1RA + SGLT2i add-on (n = 76) Sequential SGLT2i + GLP-1RA add-on (n = 50) |
6 months | Prospective, observational, multicenter cohort study | Y |
| Deol et al. [25] | UK | 79 | Sequential GLP-1RA + SGLT2i add-on (n = 79) | 3–6 months | Retrospective, single-center, observational cohort study | N |
| Díaz-Trastoy et al. [26] | Spain | 212 |
Simultaneous SGLT2i + GLP-1RA (n = 38) Sequential GLP-1RA + SGLT2i add-on (n = 85) Sequential SGLT2i + GLP-1RA add-on (n = 89) |
5.5 months 16.4 months |
Retrospective, single-center, observational cohort study | Y |
| Goncalves et al. [29] | USA | 79 |
Simultaneous SGLT2i + GLP-1RA (n = 33) Sequential GLP-1RA + SGLT2i add-on (n = 46) |
Simultaneous SGLT2i + GLP-1RA: 14 months Sequential GLP-1RA + SGLT2i add-on: 18 months |
Retrospective, single-center, observational cohort study | Y |
| Gorgojo-Martínez et al. [32] | Spain | 213 |
Sequential GLP-1RA + SGLT2i (dapagliflozin) add-on (n = 109) SGLT2i (dapagliflozin) (n = 103) |
6 months 12 months |
Retrospective, single-center, observational cohort study | N |
| Jensen et al. [30] | Denmark | 66,807 |
SGLT2i (n = 3405) GLP-1RA (n = 11,436) SGLT2i + GLP-1RA (n = 1823) |
20 years | Time-to–event cohort study based on the Danish National Registry | Y |
| Kim et al. [31] | Korea | 104 | SGLT2i + GLP-1RA (n = 104) |
6 months 12 months |
Retrospective, single-center, observational cohort study | Y |
| Riley et al. [33] | Global | 2.2 million |
SGLT2i (n = 1,43,600) GLP-1RA (n = 1,86,841) SGLT2i + GLP-1RA (n = 1,08,504) |
5 years | Retrospective, observational cohort study based on inpatient and outpatient electronic medical records from TriNetX | Y |
| Saroka et al. [34] | USA | 75 | Sequential GLP-1RA + SGLT2i (canagliflozin) add-on (n = 75) | 40 months | Retrospective, pre-post, single-center, observational cohort study | N |
GLP-1RA Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist, SGLT2i Sodium–glucose transport protein 2 inhibitor, UK United Kingdom, USA United States of America