Table 3.
Characteristics of participants in the included studies
| Study | Participant count | Males, % | Participant age, years, mean ± SD | Duration of diabetes, years | Baseline HbA1c, mean ± SD, % | Baseline SBP, mean ± SD, mmHg | Baseline BMI, mean ± SD, kg/m2 | Comorbidities |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Arévalo et al. [22] | 17 | 52.9 | 66.8 ± 8.3 (median) | N/A | 8.1 ± 0.8 | 124 ± 11 | 30.8 ± 3.8 | N/A |
| Berkovic et al. [23] | 200 | N/A | 62.1 ± 9.5 | 11.7 ± 6.2 | 8.32 ± 1.26 | N/A | 39.41 ± 5.49 | N/A |
| Bhattacharyya et al. [24] | 15 | 60.0 | 49.5 ± 9.3 | 7.6 ± 1.2 | 8.61 ± 1.41 | 129.87 ± 4.81 | 32.27 ± 4.67 | N/A |
| Carretero Gómez et al. [27] | 113 | 65.5 | 70.4 ± 8.8 | N/A | 8.04 ± 1.2 | 136.1 ± 17 | 36.5 ± 6.6 | Hypertension (69.9%), dyslipidemia (82.3%), coronary artery disease (19.5%), heart failure (9.73%) |
| Carretero Gómez et al. [28] | 178 | 58.6 | 61.9 ± 10.0 | 10.0 ± 6.7 | 8.2 ± 0.9 | 138.3 ± 16.9 | 36.2 ± 10 | Hypertension (80.9%), dyslipidemia (81.4%), coronary artery disease (7.9%) |
| Deol et al. [25] | 79 | 51.1 | 57.4 ± 7.8 | 13.1 ± 7.2 | 8.8 ± 1.47 | 134 ± 16 | 38.4 ± 6.3 | N/A |
| Díaz-Trastoy et al. [26] | 212 | 47.6 | 61.5 ± 9.6 | 12.3 ± 7.0 | 8.4 ± 1.2 | 137.4 ± 17.9 | 37.7 ± 8.1 | Hypertension (51.1%), retinopathy (14.6%), nephropathy (10.4%), peripheral neuropathy (3.3%), autonomic neuropathy (1.9%), cardiovascular disease (11.8%), cerebrovascular disease (1.4%), heart failure (0.5%), pulmonary edema (0.9%) |
| Goncalves et al. [29] | 79 |
Sequential GLP-1RA + SGLT2i add-on: 50.0 Simultaneous SGLT2i + GLP-1RA: 48.0 |
Sequential GLP-1RA + SGLT2i add-on: Median 60.5 ± 7.1 Simultaneous SGLT2i + GLP-1RA: Median 51.0 ± 10.0 |
Simultaneous SGLT2i + GLP-1RA: 9.3 ± 6.0 Sequential GLP-1RA + SGLT2i add-on: 11.0 ± 6.0 |
Sequential GLP-1RA + SGLT2i add-on: 8.9 ± 1.3 Simultaneous SGLT2i + GLP-1RA: 9.1 ± 1.4 |
Sequential GLP-1RA + SGLT2i add-on: 133 ± 17 Simultaneous SGLT2i + GLP-1RA: 135 ± 16 |
Sequential GLP-1RA + SGLT2i add-on: 37.2 ± 5.2 Simultaneous SGLT2i + GLP-1RA: 39.2 ± 8.2 |
N/A |
| Gorgojo-Martínez et al. [32] | 213 |
Sequential GLP-1RA + SGLT2i (dapagliflozin) add-on: 59.6 SGLT2i (dapagliflozin): 47.1 |
Sequential GLP-1RA + SGLT2i (dapagliflozin) add-on: 59.1 ± 10.7 SGLT2i (dapagliflozin): 59.7 ± 10.8 |
Sequential GLP-1RA + SGLT2i (dapagliflozin) add-on: 12.4 SGLT2i (dapagliflozin): 9.1 |
Sequential GLP-1RA + SGLT2i (dapagliflozin) add-on: 7.4 ± 1.3 SGLT2i (dapagliflozin): 7.3 ± 1.3 |
Sequential GLP-1RA + SGLT2i (dapagliflozin) add-on: 139.5 ± 15.5 SGLT2i (dapagliflozin): 139.3 ± 13.5 |
Sequential GLP-1RA + SGLT2i (dapagliflozin) add-on: 35.0 ± 4.2 SGLT2i (dapagliflozin): 35.9 ± 8.2 |
Sequential GLP-1RA + SGLT2i (dapagliflozin) add-on: Hypertension (82.6%), hypercholesterolemia (93.6%), hypertriglyceridemia (63.3%), current smoker (17.4%), diabetic retinopathy (15.6%), diabetic renal disease (29.4%), diabetic neuropathy (11.1%), coronary artery disease (13.8%), stroke (5.5%), peripheral artery disease (12.8%) |
| Jensen et al. [30] | 66,807 |
SGLT2i: 63.8 GLP-1RA: 52.1 SGLT2i + GLP-1RA: 64.8 |
SGLT2i: 59.0 ± 12.0 GLP-1RA: 58.0 ± 12.0 SGLT2i + GLP-1RA: 57.0 ± 11.0 |
SGLT2i: 6.0 ± 5.0 GLP-1RA: 7.0 ± 5.0 SGLT2i + GLP-1RA: 9.0 ± 5.0 |
N/A | |||
| Kim et al. [31] | 104 | 48.7 | 51.1 ± 10.6 | N/A | 9.02 ± 1.39 | 132.78 ± 16.49 | 28.78 ± 4.28 | N/A |
| Riley et al. [33] | 2.2 million |
SGLT2i: 59.6 GLP-1RA: 43.6 SGLT2i + GLP-1RA: 50.9 |
SGLT2i: 62.8 ± 12.2 GLP-1RA: 58.7 ± 13.0 SGLT2i + GLP-1RA: 58.7 ± 11.5 |
N/A | N/A | |||
| Saroka et al. [34] | 75 | 56.0 | 58.0 ± 8.6 | 13.8 ± 6.4 | 7.94 ± 0.69 | 121 ± 11 | 39.4 ± 9.4 | Hypertension (90.7%), dyslipidemia (94.7%), microvascular disease (32.0%), macrovascular disease (22.7%) |
BMI Body mass index, GLP-1RA glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist, HbA1c glycated hemoglobin, N/A not available, SBP systolic blood pressure, SD standard deviation, SGLT2i sodium–glucose transport protein 2 inhibitor