Table 4.
Antidiabetic drugs used by patients in the included studies
| Study | Number of patients (N) | SGLT2i, % | GLP-1RA, % | Other concurrent antidiabetic medications, % |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Arévalo et al. [22] | 17 |
Dapagliflozin: 47.1% Canagliflozin: 29.4% Empagliflozin: 23.5% |
Liraglutide: 82.3% Dulaglutide: 11.8% Albiglutide: 5.9% |
N/A |
| Berkovic et al. [23] | 200 |
SGLT2i Insulin: 32.4% Metformin: 94.1% SU: 11.8% Other: 8.8% GLP-1RA Insulin: 45.2% Metformin: 85.5% SU: 19.4% Other: 16.1% SGLT2i + GLP-1A Insulin: 26.2% Metformin: 78.6% SU: 14.3% Other: 19.0% |
||
| Bhattacharyya et al. [24] | 15 | Canagliflozin, empagliflozin, or dapagliflozin: 100% | Dulaglutide: 100% |
Sitagliptin/vildagliptin/linagliptin + glimepiride: 100% Insulin (8.35 ± 0.45 U): 26.7% |
| Carretero Gómez et al. [27] | 113 |
Canagliflozin: 58.4% Dapagliflozin: 26.5% Empagliflozin: 15.04% |
Liraglutide: 52.2% Dulaglutide: 29.2% Exenatide LAR: 8.84% Lixisenatide: 5.31% Albiglutide: 4.42% |
Insulin (39.4 ± 19.5 U): 46% |
| Carretero Gómez et al. [28] | 178 |
Canagliflozin: 46.6% Dapagliflozin: 29.8% Empagliflozin: 23.6% |
Liraglutide: 52.2% Dulaglutide: 33.1% Exenatide LAR: 7.3% Lixisenatide: 4.5% Albiglutide: 2.8% |
N/A |
| Deol et al. [25] | 79 |
Dapagliflozin: 97.3% Canagliflozin: 2.7% |
Insulin (89.0 ± 51.0 U): 62.2% Metformin: 78.4% |
|
| Díaz-Trastoy et al. [26] | 212 |
Dapagliflozin: 45.8% Empagliflozin: 35.8% Canagliflozin: 18.4% |
Dulaglutide: 52.4% Liraglutide: 26.9% Exenatide LAR: 17% Lixisenatide: 3.8% |
Metformin: 86.8% Sulfonylureas: 10.8% DPP-4 inhibitors: 1.9% Pioglitazone: 0.9% Repaglinide: 0.9% Insulin (59.3 ± 38.7 U): 41% |
| Goncalves et al. [29] | 79 |
Canagliflozin: 75.0% Empagliflozin: 35.0% |
Liraglutide: 66% | N/A |
| Gorgojo-Martínez et al. [32] | 213 | Dapagliflozin: 100% |
Liraglutide: 72.5% Exenatide (once weekly): 20.2% Exenatide (twice daily): 2.8% Lixisenatide: 4.6% |
Sequential GLP-1RA + SGLT2i add-on Metformin: 96.3% SU: 13.8% Glitazones: 7.3% Insulin (56.6 ± 41.6 U): 48.6% SGLT2i Metformin: 83.7% SU: 19.2% DPP-4 inhibitors: 41.3% Insulin (45.3 ± 30.5 U): 35.6% |
| Jensen et al. [30] | 66,807 |
Dapagliflozin: 49.7% Canagliflozin: 3.4% Empagliflozin: 46.9% |
Liraglutide: 96.2% Exenatide: 2.2% Lixisenatide: 0.1% Dulaglutide: 1.5% |
Metformin: 100% |
| Kim et al. [31] | 104 | Dapagliflozin or empagliflozin: 100% | Dulaglutide: 100% |
Metformin: 98.1% SU: 81.7% Insulin (53.38 ± 24.57 U): 10.6% |
| Riley et al. [33] | 2.2 million | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| Saroka et al. [34] | 75 | Canagliflozin: 100% |
Liraglutide: 62.7% Exenatide (once weekly): 25.3% Exenatide (twice daily): 12.0% |
Metformin: 78.7% Insulin: 60% Thiazolidinediones: 25.3% SU: 16% Colesevelam: 4% DPP-4 inhibitor: 2.7% Meglitinide: 1.3% |
DPP Dipeptidyl peptidase, GLP-1RA glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist, N/A not available, SGLT2i sodium–glucose transport protein 2 inhibitor, SU Sulfonylurea